BIO 311C Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Electronegativity, Chemical Equilibrium, Ammonia
Document Summary
Big 4: hydrogen (v. e-= 1, oxygen ( 2, nitrogen (3) Bio 2nd lecture: ions, bonds, properties of water: carbon (4) Hydrogen bond: a weak bond, attraction of hydrogen atoms on one molecule to partially negative areas of another molecule (also to partially negative areas withing large molecules, like proteins, nucleic acids) (n,o,f) Molecules/ atoms that are very close together can be attracted by eeting charge di erences. Such interactions can be strong (ex. gecko"s toe hairs and a wall surface; scorpion walking on ceiling) Water dissociaties into two ions: h+ & oh- Acids: any molecule that adds h+ to a solution (ph < 7) donates h+ Base: any molecule that reduces the h+ in a solution (ph > 7) accepts h+, donates oh- Two ways to reduce: some bases reduce h+ by accepting hydrogen ions (nh3 + h+ > nh4+, some bases reduce h+ indirectly by dissociating oh-
