PHL 302 Lecture Notes - Nyaya, Pramana, Syllogism
15 Dec 2013
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The sources of knowledge (pramana) according to the indian realists (nyaya: perception, inference, comparison or analogy (as a means to acquire new vocabulary, testimony. Perception as a knowledge source requires that a sensation be veridical; non-veridical sensations do not count as perception (taken as a pramana) :) which is (1) a belief (2) that"s true (3) with justification. Perception (according to nyaya) is defined as: (1) a cognition (2) resulting from sense-object contact or relationality (3) that is not due to words and (4) is veridical. The general proposition expresses an invariable relation in nature, a pervasion: Causal relations are examples (necessary and sufficient conditions). Class inclusions, eliminative arguments, and analogous structures are further examples. Learning what a new word means by having comparisons drawn in terms one already understands. For example, a gavaya is like a cow but .
