PSY 3392 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Spurious Relationship, Uncertainty Principle, Observer-Expectancy Effect
Document Summary
Chapter 4: observational design, physical trace and archival data. Direct observation of behavior in a natural setting without any attempt: without intervention, naturalistic observation, with intervention. Goals by observer to intervene: participant observation, structured observation, field experiment, indirect observation, physical traces, archival records, describe behavior as it naturally occurs, examine relationships among variables. Establishes external validity (taking lab results and confirming them in real world setting) When ethical or moral considerations prevent experimental control. Observe people"s behavior and participate actively in the situation they are observing: undisguised: participant knows observer is present to collect information about their behavior, disguised: participants unknowingly observed, self-observation: report what you are doing. Bias with direct observation: heisenberg uncertainty principle, observer bias, reactivity. Observer intervenes to cause an event to occur or to set up a situation so that events can be more easily recorded.
