BIO-183 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Folic Acid, Aureus, Enfuvirtide
Document Summary
Prophylaxis: use of antibiotic to prevent imminent infection of a person at risk. Narrow spectrum- mainly effective on mainly gram-positive organisms. Broad spectrum- effective against both gram positive and gram negative. Antibiotics are derived from metabolic products of aerobic bacteria and fungi. Specimens should be given before prescribing antibiotics: body fluid, sputum, stool. Therapeutic index: minimum amount needed to treat but not harm body- smaller the ratio, more dangerous. Some antifungal drugs have serious side effects because cells are so similar. Antimicrobial chart: some are cell wall inhibitors- fluid can rush into bacteria cell. Penicillin, cephalosporin, vancomycin (vanquishes mrsa: target cell membrane. Polymyxins ( polymembrane -disrupt cell membrane: target dna/rna synthesis. Rifampin-disrupt rna polymerase: folic acid synthesis inhibits metabolism. Sulfonamides ( sulfafolic : disrupt protein synthesis on the ribosome. Tetracycline (lyme disease- mice deer)- 24/48 hours minimum. Viruses don"t have cell walls or membranes- just capsid and viral info- so antibiotics can"t treat viruses.
