BCMB 230 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Intrapleural Pressure, Peritubular Capillaries, Alveolar Pressure
11/15/16
• The lungs are not connected to the chest wall
• So how does the volume of the chest wall change with the lungs?
• Plewral cavity- Space between lungs and chest cavity
• Dependence upon 2 factors:
o Compliance- How easily something is stretched. In this case the lungs
o Not always linked to surfactant, but can be
o May be used in cardiovascular system- Stretch of blood vessels
▪ Affected by:
• Surfactant- Redues sufae tesio of a liuid ate
• Surface of stream or pond- Insects walk across- Hydrogen bonding
greater than weight of these insect
• Soap is a surfactant
• Our lungs produce surfactant to prevent them from collapsing
▪ In fetal development first sys: cardiovascular
▪ Resp last to develop, because gas exchange is performed by the placenta.
▪ If a baby is born before surfactant is produced it will die. Why lots of
premature babies die.
▪ Example with a healthy and unhealthy mom in a car accident. Baby is
delivered
▪ Baby from unhealthy mom lives because it has been producing surfactant
due to high stress levels.
o Transpulmonary Pressure- Pressure difference between alveoli and intrapleural
pressure. What keeps the lungs connected Pip-Palv= Ptp Patm-Pip=Pcw
• 3 spaces
o Alveolar pressure
o Atmospheric
o Intrapleural Pressure
• Recoil of the chest wall and recoil of the lung causes Pip to be negative
• If you poke a hole in the chest wall- Pneumothorax- Air goes into intrapleural cavity-
Lung collapses
• Only one lung will collapse
• Sitting on someones chest- Affects intrapleural pressure. Can lead to death.
The urinary system and kidney (Renal) function
• Filtration: Blood(Glomerulas)→ filtate Boa’s apsule o ells o potei; stat of
the renal tubes; mixture of waste and nutrients→
• Reabsorption-“eletie filtate/renal tubes→peritubular capillaries/blood
• Renal Secretion- selective blood peritubular capillary→ filtrate renal tubular
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• Tubular metabolism- Control of chemical reactions in the renal tubules to influence
blood and filtrate
• Filtrate= Urine-to-be
• Urine is the anatomical point where we can no longer manipulate it.
• Am I regulating blood or urine
• Kidneys are regulating blood/blood volume
• Urine is used to regulate what is in the blood.
• Several ways to measure the concentration of solute
• Yellow pigment- Produced by liver→ hemoglobin→ bilirubin→ Goes to feces to make it
brown and urine to make it yellow
• Specific gravity- Heavier things have higher specific gravity
• Water(1.000)→ Salt (1.030)
• Specific gravity can be measured by a hydrometer/urometer. Where the water floats=
level of solute concentration
• Need lot’s of olume for the hydrometer to work
Urinary system 4 organs: Figure 14.1
Physiology in the kidney
• 2 regions
• Outer- Cortex
o Lot’s of ey fie tues lood essel eal
• Inner-Medulla
o Large tubes
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Document Summary
In fetal development first sys: cardiovascular: resp last to develop, because gas exchange is performed by the placenta. If a baby is born before surfactant is produced it will die. Why lots of premature babies die: example with a healthy and unhealthy mom in a car accident. Baby is delivered: baby from unhealthy mom lives because it has been producing surfactant due to high stress levels, transpulmonary pressure- pressure difference between alveoli and intrapleural pressure. What keeps the lungs connected pip-palv= ptp patm-pip=pcw: 3 spaces, alveolar pressure, atmospheric. Intrapleural pressure: recoil of the chest wall and recoil of the lung causes pip to be negative. If you poke a hole in the chest wall- pneumothorax- air goes into intrapleural cavity- Lung collapses: only one lung will collapse, sitting on someones chest- affects intrapleural pressure. Where the water floats= level of solute concentration: need lot"s of (cid:448)olume for the hydrometer to work.