BIOL 160 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Nucleoside Triphosphate, Adenosine Triphosphate, Rna World
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Nucleotide - phosphate group + 5-c sugar + n-base. Ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides both have -oh bonded to 3"c, but ribose has -oh on 2"c and deoxyribose has -h on 2"c. Pyrimidines - cytosine (c ), uracil (u)[rna], thymine (t)[dna] Nucleotides polymerize via condensation between -oh on sugar and p-group. Adenosine triphosphate (atp) - example of activated nucleotide. Only purine-pyrimidine combo fit inside the double helix. In a single strand of dna/rna one end has unlinked 5" phosphate and one end has unlinked 3" hydroxyl. Carries the info required for the organism"s growth and reproduction. Language of nucleic acids is contained in the sequence of bases. Nucleoside triphosphate are monomers used for synthesis of new dna strand. Presence of -oh group on ribose in rna makes it much more reactive and much less stable than dna. Structurally and chemically rna is intermediate between complexity of proteins.
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Related Questions
QUESTION 1. Compared to eukaryotic genomes, only prokaryotic genomes:
A. contain DNA organized by histones. |
B. contain usually one, circular chromosome. |
C. contain plasmid DNA. |
D. have chromosomes contained in a nucleus. |
QUESTION 2. Azathioprine is a drug that may be prescribed to transplant recipients to reduce the chance of tissue rejection reactions. In its active state, it acts as a purine analogue, inhibiting DNA biosynthesis. This means that 6-mercaptopurine will be inserted in place of a purine containing nucleotides during DNA replication. Given this drug's mode of action, you would expect it to be incorporated into DNA in place of:
A. nucleotides containing guanine or cytosine. |
B. nucleotides containing adenine or thymine. |
C nucleotides containing adenine or guanine. |
D. nucleotides containing guanine nucleotide or uracil. |
QUESTION 3. RNA is distinguished from DNA because only RNA:
A. typically exists as a single-stranded molecule. |
B. has a 3' to 5' directionality. |
C. is composed of nucleotides that contain the sugar deoxyribose. |
D. is composed of nucleotides that contain the nitrogen bases T, C, G, and A. |
QUESTION 4. How are RNA nucleotides different from DNA nucleotides? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.
A. RNA nucleotides do not contain thymine. |
B. RNA nucleotides use the sugar ribose, while DNA nucleotides do not. |
C. RNA nucleotides lack phosphate. |
D. RNA nucleotides incorporate pyrimidine nitrogen bases, while DNA nucleotides only incorporate purine nitrogen bases. |