POLS 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Friedrich Engels, Antonio Gramsci, Economic Globalization

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March did not write much about international relations. However, his general ideas have inspired many ir scholars. One major contribution by marx and his friend friedrich engels was an analysis of imperialism. Imperialism conquest over a lot of land. In turn, their analysis can be applied to economic globalization. Marx and engels argued that capitalism, in its relentless quest for profits, will bring the whole of the world into its explorative system. For lenin, imperialism was the highest (and final) stage of capitalism, and would be characterized by a widening gap between rich and poor nations. Since the second world war, marxist-inspired writers have explained under-development in third. World" nations as a direct product of imperialism. Critical theory has been very influential amongst ir scholars. It is not exclusively marxist, but it shares marx"s views about emancipation and opposition to exploitation. The italian antonio gramsci (1891-1937) is a key figure in this tradition.

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