BIOL 2200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 31: Thoracic Cavity, Medulla Oblongata, Air Sacs

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limesardine98

16 Apr 2017

School

University of Virginia

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 2200

Professor

Jessamyn Manson

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Document Summary

Inhaled oxygen dissolves into moist lining of inner surface, and diffuses into capillaries. White blood cells remove foreign material: osteichthyans were the first animals to get lungs, amniotes were the first animals to use rib cages to ventilate their lungs. Breathing in mammals: negative pressure breathing, we create a gradient where pressure is lower inside the lungs than outside the body, causing air to be drawn in, muscle contractions expand thoracic cavity. Gas flows from high pressure to low pressure (into lungs) Muscles in rib cage pull thoracic cavity out. Diaphragm pulls thoracic cavity down: in hearts, self-regulation, in lungs, regulated by involuntary mechanisms controlled by medulla oblongata, ph of cerebrospinal fluid used as indicator of co2 level. Co2 reacts with h2o to form carbonic acid. Acid breaks down and dissociated hydrogen ions alters ph: as metabolic activity increases, change in ph leads to signal to increase breathing.

Related Questions

1. Match the word 1-39 above, with the descriptions labled a-t. Word 1-39 can be uses only one please!!

1. alveolar macrophages 2. alveoli 3. Bohr effect 4. bronchi 5. bronchiole 6. cerebral cortex 7. chloride shift 8. compliance 9. costal breathing 10. Daltonâs law 11. diaphragmatic breathing 12. epiglottis 13. eupnea 14. expiratory reserve volume 15. fauces 16. functional residual capacity 17. Haldane effect 18. Henryâs law 19. hilum 20. hypothalamus 21. inferior, middle, and superior nasal meatuses 22. inspiratory capacity 23. larynx 24. limbic system 25. medulla oblongata 26. nose 27. paranasal sinuses 28. pharynx 29. pleural membranes 30. pons 31. primary bronchus 32. secondary bronchus 33. surface tension 34. surfactant 35. terminal bronchiole 36. tertiary bronchus 37. total lung capacity 38. trachea 39. vital capacity

a) -------------------- serves as a sound resonating chamber; contains tonsils; directs air inferiorly

b) ------------------- passes air from pharynx into windpipe; site of sound production

c) ------------------ resonate(s) sound; not part of pharynx

D) ------------------ opening from oral cavity into pharynx

E) ----------------- carries air to a segment of a lung

F) -------------------- carries air directly into a respiratory bronchiole

G) ----------------- surround the lungs

H) ------------------ reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange

i) -------------------- actual sites of gas exchange

j) --------------------- normal, quiet breathing

k) ----------------------- shallow breathing using just the external intercostal muscles

l) ------------------ amount of effort required to expand the lungs and chest wall

m) ------------------- tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume, usually about 3600 mL in males

n) ----------------- tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually about 4800 mL in males

o) ------------------- residual volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually about 2400 mL in males

p) -------------------- states that the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas and its solubility

q) ---------------- when pH decreases, O₂ saturation of hemoglobin decreases

r) ------------------ each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own partial pressure

s) ------------------- sets basic rhythm of breathing

t) ------------------------ includes the pontine respiratory group

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BIOL 2200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 31: Thoracic Cavity, Medulla Oblongata, Air Sacs

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