PBIO 004 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Palm Oil, Bioenergy, Miscanthus

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Bioenergy
February 22nd
Fossil fuels are formed from organic material over the course of millions of years and are
currently the world’s primary energy source
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Alternatives to fossil fuels are needed because of the greenhouse gases released during the
combustion of fossil fuels, which is a major driver of climate change
Solar
Wind
Hydro
Geothermal
Bioenergy: biomass (plant and animal material) can be used to produce electricity,
thermal energy, transportation fuels and plastics
Raw biomass consists of forest products, grasses, crops, animal manure and aquatic products
(algae)
Secondary biomass is material that comes from raw biomass but has undergone significant
changes
Items such as paper, cotton clothing, natural rubber products, cooking oils
Biomass only provides 3-4% of the primary energy in the United States
Energy crops for cellulosic bioenergy are switchgrass, miscanthus, hybrid poplar trees and
algae
Researched by the federal government over the past ten years
Rapeseed (canola) oil is a food and lamp oil that can be used
Sugar can is used to produce bioethanol, similar to corn
Palm oil is extracted from palm trees and is more efficient as a biodiesel fuel alternative
Jatropha is a quick growing, poisonous weed that doesn’t need much water, but its seeds
have 40% oil content
Perennial crops have a lot of ecological and environmental benefits over annuals
Renewable fuel standard: federal law passed in 2005 and reauthorized in 2007, requiring
renewable fuel to be blended into transportation fuel in increasing amounts each year,
escalating to 36 billion gallons by 2022
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Document Summary

Fossil fuels are formed from organic material over the course of millions of years and are currently the world"s primary energy source: coal, oil, natural gas. Raw biomass consists of forest products, grasses, crops, animal manure and aquatic products (algae) Secondary biomass is material that comes from raw biomass but has undergone significant changes. Items such as paper, cotton clothing, natural rubber products, cooking oils. Biomass only provides 3-4% of the primary energy in the united states. Energy crops for cellulosic bioenergy are switchgrass, miscanthus, hybrid poplar trees and algae: researched by the federal government over the past ten years. Rapeseed (canola) oil is a food and lamp oil that can be used. Sugar can is used to produce bioethanol, similar to corn. Palm oil is extracted from palm trees and is more efficient as a biodiesel fuel alternative. Jatropha is a quick growing, poisonous weed that doesn"t need much water, but its seeds have 40% oil content.

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