GENETICS 633 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Molecular Evolution, Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism, Chromosome
Document Summary
Simulations in population genetics: examine how a statistic responds to an evolutionary parameter, test the null hypothesis (for example, neutral evolution with demography, estimate parameters (for example, approximate bayesian computation, forward simulations: includes every individual in every generation. Flexible but computationally slow: coalescent (backwards) simulations: considers only the sample"s history. Simulations in this class: read instructions from the syllabus and the manuals for the programs being used: Ms, by hudson 2002, which is neutral selection only. Mutation is the ultimate source of all genetic variation: mutation: the permanent incorporation of random errors in dna that results in differences between ancestral and descendant copies of dna. Kinds of mutation: indels , or insertions and deletions putting in or removing extra bases in a dna sequence. Can range from single bases to thousands, although their frequency and size is inversely related. Some are big enough to carry genes or groups of genes.
