BSCI-2520 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Anomer, Primary Alcohol, Reducing Sugar
26 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
Monosaccharides are the basic carb unit, make up sugars: must have at least cs, 2 oh groups, and one aldehyde (aldose) or ketone (ketose) ketoses less common than aldoses. Diastereomers differ in at least one chiral carbon, enantiomers differ at all chiral centers, and epimers differ at only one chiral carbon. Sugars spontaneously will cyclize to form hemiacetal rings when reacted with oh: pyranose (6 carbons) and furanose (5 carbons) R"oh + r-ch=o r"och(r)oh, c=o converts to cor,oh. During cyclization, alpha (oh1 opposite side of oh2) and beta can form (oh1 same side as. Oh2), beta is more stable bc it minimizes clashing in chair conformations, preferable for all bulky constituents to be equatorial. Reducing sugar has an oh at the anomeric carbon. O-glycosidic bonds join monosaccharides to form disaccharides. Oxidations/reductions: aldehyde carboxylic acid: aldonic acid, primary alcohol alduronic or keturonic acid.
