PHIS 206 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Pancreas, Epithelium, Urinary System
2 May 2018
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Lecture 1: Introduction
What is Physiology?
• Physiology is the study of function
o This is contrasted with human anatomy “lesser science”, which is the study of
form. However, physiology is forever intertwined with anatomy.
• Biology - study of living things (study of life)
• Physiology - study of things being alive
o Study of what stops happening when you die
Basics of Physiology
• Experimental, not observational
o Experimentation is necessary to explain what was observed
• Many disciplines, but all revert to cell physiology
• Complexity arises as cells interact and function with nearby (and distant) cells
Complexity
• Levels of Complexity
o Chemical → a molecule in the membrane that encloses a cell
o Cellular → a cell in the stomach lining
o Tissue → layers of tissue in the stomach wall
o Organ → the stomach
o Body (Organ) System → the digestive system
o Organism → the whole body
Tissues → Organs
• Tissues are groups of different types of cells performing a specialized task
o Organ - body structure that integrates different tissues and carries out a specific
function (for example: stomach)
▪ Muscle tissue → movement
▪ Nervous tissue → communication, coordination, control
▪ Epithelial tissue (covers) → protection, secretion, absorption
▪ Connective tissue (binds everything together) → structural support
• Organs are made up of blends of tissue types
Systems
• Circulatory system - heart, blood vessels, blood
• Digestive system - mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,
salivary glands, exocrine pancreas, liver, gallbladder
• Respiratory system - nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
• Urinary system - kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
• Skeletal system - bones, cartilage, joints
• Muscular system (just takes/use energy we produce) - skeletal muscles
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