PHIS 206 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Posterior Pituitary, Anterior Pituitary, Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion

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blueskunk578

2 May 2018

School

VCU

Department

Physiology and Biophysics

Course

PHIS 206

Professor

Charles Anderson; Steven Price

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Lecture 30: Hypothalamus/Pituitary

Hypothalamus and Pituitary

• Pituitary Gland - Hypophysis

o Two parts:

▪ Posterior Pituitary neurohypophysis

▪ Anterior Pituitary adenohypophysis

o Two parts of pituitary are similar only in their location

• Differences

o The anterior pituitary is a structure distinct from the hypothalamus

o The posterior pituitary is technically just an extension of the hypothalamus

o Origin, function, control are all different

Posterior Pituitary

• Synthesis and Release

o Hormones released from the posterior pituitary are made in cells of the

hypothalamus

o After travelling down axons of these hypothalamic cells, hormones enter

capillaries in the posterior pituitary

Posterior Pituitary Hormones: Vasopressin

• Vasopressin (ADH)

o Released when the body becomes hyperosmotic (too salty) → sensors are in the

hypothalamus

o Actions:

▪ Conserves water (reabsorption increased)

▪ Raise blood pressure

▪ Hypersecretion: SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH) → holds on to

too much water (urine very foul smelling, yellow but body filled with

water)

▪ Hyposecretion: Diabetes Insipidus

o Goes to/effects nephrons in kidneys and arterioles throughout the body

o Nephrons in Kidneys: increases permeability of distal and collecting tubules to

water

o Arterioles throughout body: causes vasoconstriction

o Controls water concentration? Gets triggered when body too salty (senses body

too salty)

o More blood volume, more blood pressure

Posterior Pituitary Hormones: Oxytocin

• Oxytocin

o Released by:

▪ Suckling of the breast

▪ Pressure on the uterine cervix

▪ Bonding behaviors → “cuddling hormone”

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Document Summary

Posterior pituitary: synthesis and release, hormones released from the posterior pituitary are made in cells of the hypothalamus, after travelling down axons of these hypothalamic cells, hormones enter capillaries in the posterior pituitary. Gets triggered when body too salty (senses body too salty: more blood volume, more blood pressure. Anterior pituitary hormones: hormones of anterior pituitary, thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh or thyrotropin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth or corticotropin, growth hormone (gh, luteinizing hormone (lh, follicle-stimulated hormone (fsh, prolactin (prl, write list in index card. A portal system: hormones from the hypothalamus travel to the anterior pituitary via a portal system, venous blood from the hypothalamus travels to the anterior pituitary first, carrying these hypothalamic hormones to the anterior pituitary (ap) Anterior pituitary hormones: tropic hormones of anterior pituitary, tsh, acth, lh, fsh, lh and fsh also have trophic functions connected with the hormones whose release they trigger, tropic hormones of the anterior pituitary, growth hormone, prolactin.

Related Questions

. The kidneys contain millions of _________, which are the smallest functional units of the kidneys since each one can make urine from blood.

2. There are 3 stages in urine formation. The first stage is called____________; during this stage, blood pressure pushes water and small solutes out of a ball of capillaries called the __________ into the first part of the renal tubule called the _________ _________.

3. The second stage of urine formation is called _________. Cells lining the proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs) have special projections called _________ which increase their surface area, thus enabling the PCTs to transport about 70% of filtrate back into blood.

4. When a person is dehydrated, their blood volume and blood pressure are too low. Two hormones reduce the loss of sodium and water from the body during dehydration by concentrating urine to prevent further water loss. The first hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex and is called __________; this hormone stimulates sodium retention by nephrons. The second hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland and is called _________; this hormone cause water retention by nephrons.

5. ___________is the waste product of cellular respiration (ATP synthesis). This waste product must be eliminated from the body because it becomes toxic at high levels. This waste product combines with water in blood to form carbonic acid, which is then converted into bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) and hydrogen ions (H+). Hydrogen ions lower blood pH, causing it to become too acidic. Kidneys are able to sense high H+ levels in blood and actively transport hydrogen ions (and other toxic blood borne chemicals) from blood into urine during ___________, the third stage of urine formation.

6. Urine and blood differ in composition. In a healthy person, blood contains _________ , __________, and _________ but urine DOES NOT these materials.

7. Urine moves from the kidneys down the ureters into the bladder due to __________, a form of motility wherein _________ muscle tissue in the ureteral walls undergoes rhythmic waves of contractions.

8. The kidneys are located in the ___________ cavity; ureters conduct urine to the urinary bladder which is located in the pelvic cavity behind the symphysis joint of the _________ bones.

9. The three major systems which participate in the excretion of cellular wastes from blood include: the __________ system which eliminates urea and excess electrolytes like sodium; the ___________ system which eliminates water and salt; and the ____________ system, which eliminates carbon dioxide.

10. When the bladder is full, the _____________ reflex is initiated. During this reflex, the bladder walls contract and the ________ ________ sphincter, a circular structure made of _______ ______tissue, relaxes. Upon sensing an urge to urinate, a person can consciously contract their _______ _______ sphincter, a circular structure made of ________ ________ tissue - this stops the flow of urine out of the bladder and into the urethra until the time is convenient to urinate.

REFERENCE CITATIONS: _______________________________

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PHIS 206 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Posterior Pituitary, Anterior Pituitary, Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion

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