GEOS 1034 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Water Content, Soil Liquefaction, Rebar
18 Aug 2016
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Document Summary
A sudden release of accumulated energy: thousands of times per day. Stored in rocks as they are deformed: released when the rocks fail. Strain can also build up geographically: movement transfers stress laterally; like dominos. Along a planar surface called a fault: in large jumps or small steps. The tilt of the fault into the ground is called the dip: the trace of the fault on the ground is the strike. Focus (hypocenter) is the point at which the rock fails: epicenter is the point on the surface directly above, seismic waves travel outward from focus. Fastest waves; the first to arrive (p or primary waves: vibrate in the same direction as the travel, least ground motion. Second fastest waves; arrive next (s or secondary waves: vibrate perpendicular to direction of travel, much larger ground motion. Slowest waves; last to arrive (love and rayleigh waves: vibrations are complex interactions, largest ground motions.
