BIOL 1406 Lecture 5: BIology notes ch. 5

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8 Feb 2017

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Living things are made up of four classes of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Macromolecules are large molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms. Concept 5. 1: macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers. A polymer is a long molecule consisting of many building blocks. Three of the four classes of life"s organic molecules are polymers: Monomers are bonded together via a condensation reaction or dehydration reaction. Enzymes are often used to speed up this process. Polymers are disassembled into monomers by hydrolysis, a reaction that is essentially the reverse of the dehydration reaction. Concept 5. 2: carbohydrates serve as fuel and building material. The simplest carbohydrates are monosaccharides, or single sugars. Monosaccharides have molecular formulas that are usually multiples of ch2o. Monosaccharides serve as major fuel for cells raw material for building molecules. A disaccharide is formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides. Starch, a storage polysaccharide of plants, consists entirely of glucose monomers.

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