L07 Chem 481 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Aldose, Rearrangement Reaction, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
15 Apr 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Enzymes are highly specific and nadh & nadph (cannot be used interchangeably) [nad+]/[nadh] = ~1000 favors: nad+ -> nadh (direction for tca cycle and glycolysis) [nadp+]/[nadph] = ~0. 01 favors: nadph -> nadp+ (direction for making lipids, steroids, and cholesterol) Reducing metabolites: generates a lot of nadph (can be done by idh1 and idh2, biosynthesis (fatty acids, cholesterol, steroids) a. i) a. ii) a. iii) 30% of glucose that goes through liver is allocated to pentose pathway. Reductive biosynthesis: neutralizing oxidative stress b. i) b. ii) b. iii) Oxidative stress occurs in both mitochondria and cytosol. Glutathione reductase makes it back to 2 thiols. Nadph has no transporters & no shuttles (b. iii. 1) For neutralizing oxidative stress (there are no nadph transporters or shuttles) Used to synthesize nucleotides, coenzymes, dna, and rna. Nadph in mitochondria must be produced by a different pathway. 1st reaction is 3 steps (oxidative phase of ppp) Problem: when need for nadph > need for r5p (or vice versa)
