BIOL 205 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Dna Replication, Noncoding Dna, Nuclear Dna

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4 Dec 2016
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They serve as building blocks for cell structures, they form enzymes that catalyze a cell"s chemical reactions, they regulate the activity of genes, and they enable cells to move and communicate with one another. The genes of every cell of earth are made of dna (deoxyribonucleic acid) Dna is packaged into chromosomes, which only become visible these chromosomes condense in preparation for cell division. Chromosomes are thread-like structures found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Chromosomes are otherwise undistinguishable when a cell is not dividing. Dna carries the hereditary information of the cell, while protein components of chromosomes function mainly as packaging and control for the enormously long dna strands. Dna is a two long polymer nucleotide chains. Each chain being composed of only four nucleotide subunits, which are very similar to one another, are held together by hydrogen bonds between the base portions of the nucleotides. It is composed of two stands that wind into a double-helical shape.

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