LING 204 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Politeness Theory, Discourse Marker, Phatic Expression
Document Summary
Language happens in interaction, but the traits of language are only revealed in extended interaction (discourse). Ethnography- the study and systematic recording of human cultures. Speech event- a group of speech acts or interactions. Negative face- to be unimpeded, to not be imposed on. Politeness strategies include minimize interactions and apologize for bothering people. (cid:1) Positive face- to have yourself and your opinions valued. Politeness strategies include compliments and using in-group language. (cid:1) Bailey- looked at interactions between korean american shopkeepers and african american customers. Shopkeepers valued negative face and kept interactions brief while customers valued positive face and tried to start conversations. Each saw the other as rude. (cid:1) (cid:1) Co-occurrence restrictions- generally using words and grammar from all one level or all another. Interactions- a relationship between two or more individuals, conversation. Ethnography of communication- the study of discourse in relation to extralinguistic variables that identify the social basis of communication.
