BIOL B1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Carboxylation, Neuraminidase Inhibitor, Acyltransferase
Document Summary
Enzymes are protein catalysts for chemical reaction in biological systems. They increase the rate of chemical reactions taking place within the living cells without changing themselves. They are classified on the basis of the reactions they catalyze. Enzymes catalyzing a transfer of a group other than hydrogen (methyl, acyl, amino or phosphate groups). Example: enzymes catalyzing transfer of phosphorus containing groups. Hydrolases: enzymes catalyzing hydrolysis of ester, ether, peptido, glycosyl, acid- anhydride, c-c, c-halide, or p-n-bonds by utilizing water. Lyases: enzymes that catalyze removal of groups from substances by mechanisms other than hydrolysis, leaving double bonds. Enzymes acting on c-c, c-o, c-n, c-s and c-halide bonds. Includes all enzymes catalyzing interconversion of optical, geometric, or positional isomers. Example: enzymes catalyzing interconversion of aldose and ketoses. Atp + l-glutamate + nh4 = adp + orthophosphate + l-glutamine. Acetyl-coa: co2 ligase (adp) [acetyl-coa carboxylase] atp+ acetyl-coa-co2. There is an optimal temp at which the reaction is most rapid.
