BIOC54H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Brown Anole, Rock Islands, Broccoli

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raspberryraccoon450

20 Jan 2022

School

UTSC

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BIOC54H3

Professor

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Bioc54 w2l2: evolution of behaviour and integrative. Most of them are home to the brown anole but, few of them are home to the curly tailed lizard: curly tailed lizard is much larger than the brown anole. Curly tailed lizards are described as being voracious predators: from an experimental sense, we can introduce predators into the islands where they are absent. Then, we can look at things like the short and the long-term effect on the praise behavior and on their morphology. When you look at the control islands, the anoles are typically found on vegetation that is about 10 centimeters above the ground & they"re found on a variety of branch thicknesses. For those where the predator had been introduced, the brown anoles moved significantly higher up in the vegetation that was available, and on thinner branches. Found that there is strong evidence for natural selection acting on morphology.

Related Questions

Tree hole mosquito experiment
We tested for facultative changes in behavior of an aquatic insect in response to cues from predation and for evolution of prey behavior in response to experimental predation regimes. Larvae of the tree hole mosquito Aedes triseriatus reduced filtering, browsing, and time below the surface in response to water that had held a feeding larva of the predatorToxorhynchites rutilus. We subjected experimental A. triseriatuspopulations to culling of 50% of the larval population, either by T. rutiluspredation or by random removal. After two generations of laboratory culling, behavior of the two treatment groups diverged. Aedes triseriatusin control-culled lines retained their facultative shift from filtering to resting, but tended to lose the response of reduced browsing below the surface in water that had held a feeding predator. Predator-culled lines lost their facultative response of reduced filtering in water that had held a feeding predator and evolved toward more time resting and less time filtering in both water that had held a feeding predator and water that had held only A. triseriatus. Predator-culled lines retained their facultative response of reduced browsing below the surface in water that had held a feeding predator. Two field populations and their reciprocal hybrids responded similarly to cues from predation and did not differ in their evolutionary response to experimental culling. We conclude that consistent presence or absence of predation can select rapidly for divergence in prey behavior, including facultative behavioral responses to predators.

What do the terms filtering, browsing and resting exactly mean?
Please explain what is happening during the 2 generations of laboratory culling?
What are the responses for the treatment group?
How is A. triseriatus affected through predation?
How is T. rutilus affected through predation?

tealgoose402

Sneaky snakes

During the 1940s, military ships from the South Pacific accidentally introduced brown tree snakes from Australia to the island of Guam. These snakes eat birds, lizards, and small mammals in their native range of Australia. Since no species on Guam eats the snakes, their population has grown rapidly. Researchers estimate that two million tree snakes now inhabit the island. So far, 10 species of birds and 5 species of lizards have disappeared from Guam; small mammals have also decreased in abundance.

Use this information and your knowledge about biology to answer questions 11-15.

11. Since the brown tree snake is a keystone species (albeit an invasive one which harms the local population) in Guam, it must also be a keystone species in Australia.

True

False

Question 12

Native predators of birds on Guam likely decreased in abundance after brown tree snakes arrived.

True

False

Question 13

If birds on Guam usually disperse seeds, brown tree snakes likely had a negative indirect effect on plants.

True

False

Question 14

Since more prey and fewer predators occur on Guam than in Australia, the density of brown tree snakes in Guam likely exceeds the density in Australia.

True

False

Question 15

If some species of the extinct lizards used to eat bird eggs, brown tree snakes had a positive direct effect and a negative indirect effect on birds.

True

False

You are part of research team that travels to a small island, Isla Naturale, to study various organisms on the island. When you get there you and a couple of colleagues decide to survey areas that seem to have very little organisms present like the beach and near the lava rocks. You notice that you can see a few lizards running around, they are nearly identical in every way except for their color. One lizard is light brown with white spots found mostly at the edge of the coast and the other is a gray color with black spots found to nest under lava rocks. You would like to test if they are separate species or if they interact with one another. Using the scientific method, design an experiment you could do to answer your question.

BIOC54H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Brown Anole, Rock Islands, Broccoli

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