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Lecture : Lecture 15 Horizontal Gene Transfer and Mutations

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School
University of Maine
Department
Micro and Molecular Biology
Course
BMB 240
Professor
Catherine Hopper

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Document Summary

Lecture 15 horizontal gene transfer & genetic mutations: horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. Any transfer of dna that results in organisms acquiring new genes that did not come directly from parent organisms. Typically involves pieces of dna in form of plasmids or chromosomal fragments: plasmids. Small, circular pieces of dna that have their own origin of replication. Has genes that confer useful traits, such as antibiotic resistance. Passed to daughter cells: mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer, conjugation needs the attachment of 2 related species and the formation of a bridge that can transport dna, transformation, transduction. Requires virus to inject dna into a cell: transfer of the f factor, or conjugative plasmid. F factor being copied: insertion of f factor into the chromosome. Integration of f factor into chromosomes: conjugation. A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of dna transfer: transformation uptake of naked dna by a microbe. Competent microbe- competency proteins (capable of taking up dna)

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Related Questions

Select all of the TRUE statements. (Select all that apply.)

The direct movement of DNA between two bacteria of the samegeneration is called horizontal genetic transfer.

In conjugation, the strand of DNA that is transferred from thedonor cell to the recipient cell is single stranded.

The process of conjugation may introduce new genes into therecipient strain, altering its genotype.

A cell with an F factor integrated into the bacterial chromosomeis called F+.

An episome is a segment of bacterial DNA that can exist as aplasmid or be integrated into the bacterial chromosome.

During transformation, homologous recombination may occur if thesequence of the introduced DNA has no similarity to the hostDNA.

Transformation:

- How are plasmids used in genetic engineering to transfer genes from one organism to another?

- What are competent bacterial cells? How are the cells treated to become competent?

- When bacteria are transformed by plasmids, why it is useful for the plasmid to carry a gene for antibiotic resistance?

Describe how antibiotic resistance can spread through different species of bacteria via horizontal gene transfer.