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Classical Studies 2525A/B Lecture Notes - Menkaure, Meidum, Sekhemkhet

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2006kanye
6 Mar 2022
School
Western University
Department
Classical Studies
Course
Classical Studies 2525A/B
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Document Summary

Kingdom that allowed for the creation of magnificent visual culture including the pyramids. Background: some of the first pyramids located just south of memphis in this corridor, old kingdom (dynasty 3-8) 2686 2160 bce, many known and unknown kings of the 3rd and fourth dynasty. South sakkara (mastaba: netjerikhet= divine of body and is the king"s horus name. The name djoser is found later and may be his birth name. We tend to use djoser because it is easier for us to say: we are going to focus mainly on him for this lecture. Sakkara / saqara: where djoser"s pyramid is located. Improvements in construction techniques during second building phase: so, it originated as a mastaba, but was then expanded, mastaba: relatively small, brick ish size, blocks of stone used laid horizontal courses, step pyramid: large blocks used. Serdab chamber/mortuary temple: located on north side of the pyramid facing the northern stars.

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Related Questions

QUESTION 1

Protein intakes may increase as a result of illness as wellas

when women are lactating.

during moderate anaerobic activity.

during times of optimal health.

any of the above.

Question 2

In order to gain muscle size and strength, it is necessaryto

increase protein intake well above the RDA.

train intensely with adequate rest periods in between.

train every day at the highest intensity possible.

all of these.

Question 3

Protein is needed for normal development of cells and musclemass but excessive amounts of protein

are even better and will bring faster results.

will not significantly increase the building of body tissue.

won't add significant strength to the body.

b and c.

Question 4

In the U.S., protein-energy malnutrition can be seen most oftenin which of the following populations?

Cancer patients

AIDS patients

Inner city children

All of these

QUESTION 5

Reasons why people choose to become vegetarians include

ethical issues surrounding animal rights.

personal health reasons.

weight loss.

any of the above.

QUESTION 6

How can people reduce the amount of animal protein they eatdaily?

Eat meat less often and in smaller portions.

Choose meat alternates as protein sources.

Select plant-based protein sources occasionally.

Any of the above.

QUESTION 7

High intakes of animal protein sources are associated withserious health risks such as

increased cardiovascular disease.

colon cancer.

breast cancer.

all of these.

QUESTION 8

People who are semi-vegetarians eat

meat or animal products every other day.

animal foods most of the time except on religious holidays.

meat, milk, or eggs only periodically.

any of the above.

QUESTION 9

For people who wish to lose weight, most experts might advisethem to

consider eating more vegetarian protein sources.

stay at the top of the Food Guide Pyramid for food choices.

focus on the middle of the Food Guide Pyramid for choices.

eat only plant-based proteins, completely eliminating meat.

QUESTION 10

Kwashiorkor, a condition frequently found in the Republic ofGuinea, is characterized by

a diet lacking in a direct source of protein such as meat.

a starch-based diet.

a diet consisting of water and oil with lots of rice.

all of these.

CIMB Group Holdings Bhd. (“CIMB”), the top global sukuk underwriter for a fourth year, is seeking to boost its business in the Persian Gulf to fight off HSBC Holdings Plc. (“HSBC”) challenge to its dominance.

The Southeast Asian nation’s second – biggest lender arranged US$3.6 billion (RM11.23 billion) of notes complying with Islam’s ban on receiving and paying interest in 2010 or 23 percent of the total, data compiled by Bloomberg show. Persian Gulf issues made up 3.5 percent of CIMB’s business this year.

The Kuala Lumpur based bank beat HSBC into second place for a fourth year, global sukuk sales totaled US$15.3 billion (RM47.74 billion) so far this year, 24 percent less than in 2009. Sales reached a record US$31 billion (RM96.72billion in 2007).

“We shall be able to do better in 2011,” Badlisyah Abdul Ghani, Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of CIMB Islamic Bank Bhd. said on Wednesday. “With the infrastructure developments in Malaysia and Gulf Cooperation Council countries, I anticipate sukuk issuance will be about the same as 2007 or better. We are looking at several deals from the Gulf,” he added.

“A Malaysian government 10 year project led initiative including a nuclear power plant and underground rail network will spur sales of Shari’ah compliant debt next year,” Kuala Lumpur based RHB Investment Management Sdn. Bhd.’s CEO, Sharifatul Hanizah Said Ali, said on December 15.

Saudi Arabian corporates may overtake Malaysia as the largest issuer of Islamic bonds for the first time in 2011 as the kingdom’s 1.44 trillion riyal or US$384billion (RM1.2 trillion) stimulus plan boosts spending. Three of the four underwriters are based in Malaysia and arranged 39 percent of Islamic bond sales this year.

The country’s investment bank have an advantage in the sukuk market as the nation’s issuers account for more than half of the US$144 billion Syari’ah compliant debt outstanding.

Sales by Persian Gulf borrowers in Malaysia surged to RM1 billion this year, the most since 2008 when Gulf firms started tapping the Malaysian, market data show. Last year, RM100 million of debt was sold. Total Islamic bond issuance in the Gulf has declined 32 percent to US$4.5 billion so far this year. - Bloomberg

In the article, Sharifatul Hanizah, RHB Investment Management Sdn. Bhd.’s CEO mentioned that the Malaysian government 10th year project led initiative includes a nuclear power plant and underground rail network which will spur sales of Shari’ah compliant debt next year. What are the sukuk structures that the Malaysian government may use to finance these future projects.

1.) Using the computed financial ratios from question 1, compare Grounds Keeper’s performance from 2011 to 2012. Address what areas the company has improved and what areas it has not

a.) Liquidity

b.) Activity / turnover / efficiency

c.) Profitability

d.) Leverage / use of debt / solvency

2.) If you were the CEO of Grounds Keeper, what area(s) would you concentrate on to improve the performance of the company?

2012

2011

Current ratio

2.54404052

2.37843623

Quick ratio

0.91950568

0.81560714

Inventory turnover

3.0658051

2.37047444

Average Collection Period

37.5274142

46.9735877

Total asset turnover

1.07567837

0.82629249

Net profit margin

0.09345852

0.07608566

Operating profit margin

0.15403918

0.13639319

Times Interest Earned

26.0681373

6.25082817

Debt/Net worth Ratio

0.59903778

0.67234699

Return on Equity ratio

0.16075336

0.1051388

Below is the provided information/scenario.

Grounds Keeper is considering adding fair trade coffee to their line of products. Other larger coffee companies are now including it, at consumers’ insistence. At a recent strategic management meeting, the company’s officers identified the following points:

Fair trade coffee may attract new customers.

Fair trade coffee would allow Grounds Keeper to demonstrate its social responsibility.

Fair trade coffee would require more paperwork to meet certification and contract requirements.

The higher cost of Fair Trade Coffee would require a higher price or a reduced profit margin.

If coffee prices worldwide continue to increase, consumers may be reluctant to pay extra for Fair Trade Coffee.

Current suppliers of coffee to Grounds Keeper might be in competition with Fair Trade Coffee cooperatives.

One officer present asked the following question: Should we as a company have a good reason to try to influence actions in other parts of the world? Don’t we have governments to do that?

Fair Trade Coffee

What is fair trade certification?
Much like organic certification, fair trade certification lets you know about the origin of a product. Fair trade certified products come from all over the world, but share a common history. Farmers who grow fair trade products receive a fair price, and their communities and the environment benefit as well.

Fair trade certified coffee directly supports a better life for farming families in the developing world through fair prices, community development and environmental stewardship. Fair trade farmers market their own harvests through direct, long-term contracts with international buyers, learning how to manage their businesses and compete in the global marketplace. Receiving a fair price for their harvest allows these farmers to invest in their families' health care and education, reinvest in quality and protect the environment. This empowerment model lifts farming families from poverty through trade, not aid, creating a more equitable and sustainable model of international trade that benefits producers, consumers, industry and the Earth. The Fair for Life label is backed by IMO, one of the third-party certifiers of fair trade products for the U.S. market.

The Fair for Life label guarantees:

Fair price: Family farmers receive fair prices for their harvest, and premiums specifically earmarked for community development projects; even higher premiums are given for certified organic products. Farmer organizations are also eligible for pre-harvest credit.

Environmental sustainability: Harmful agrochemicals and GMOs are strictly prohibited in favor of environmentally sustainable farming methods that protect farmers' health and preserve valuable ecosystems for future generations. Fair trade farmers protect the land and wildlife habitat by intercropping plant species to improve soil fertility and protect against erosion. Stringent environmental management programs, including water conservation, proper waste disposal and prohibitions on planting in protected areas further encourage environmental stewardship.

Fair labor conditions: Workers on fair trade farms enjoy freedom of association, safe working conditions and fair wages. Forced child labor is strictly prohibited.

Direct trade: Importers purchase from fair trade producer groups as directly as possible, eliminating unnecessary middlemen and empowering farmers to develop the business capacity needed to compete in the global marketplace.

Democratic and transparent organizations: Fair trade farmers and farm workers decide how to invest fair trade revenues, and proof of a democratic process is required.

Community development: Fair trade farmers and workers invest fair trade premiums in social and business development projects like scholarship programs, healthcare services and quality improvement training.

Examples of community projects include:

Members of the COSURCA coffee cooperative in Colombia successfully prevented the cultivation of more than 1,600 acres of coca and poppy used to produce illicit drugs.

In the highlands of Guatemala, indigenous Tzutuhil Mayans in the La Voz cooperative are sending local kids to college for the first time.

Near Lake Titicaca, in Peru, the CECOVASA cooperative is assisting members from Quechua and Aymara indigenous groups in improving coffee quality and transitioning to certified organic production.

The CECOCAFEN cooperative in Nicaragua established a reproductive health program providing tests for the virus that causes cervical cancer.

What is IMO "Fair for Life" fair trade certification?
"Fair for Life" is a brand neutral third party certification program for social accountability and fair trade in agricultural, manufacturing and trading operations. The program complements existing fair trade certification systems. Social accountability and fair trade have become important indicators to select business partners in a global market place. The Fair for Life Social & FairTrade Certification Program offers operators of socially responsible projects a solution for objective inspection and certification by a highly qualified external verifier. It combines strict social and fair trade standards with adaptability to local conditions.

Why is fair trade certification needed today?
Throughout the global south, family farmers follow generations of tradition to cultivate food products we enjoy every day. Yet many family farmers in the developing world don't receive a fair price for their crops. These isolated rural communities lack direct market access, often selling their premium crops below the cost of production to local middlemen who misrepresent global prices. This cycle of debt forces many to abandon their land and years of agricultural heritage, destroying the social and cultural fabric of these communities. When farming communities in the developing world suffer, the whole world suffers - forced immigration, inferior-quality products and large-scale farming methods that often compromise the environment.

Who benefits from fair trade certification?

Producers: Beyond receiving a fair, stable price, fair trade also empowers producers to invest in their organizations, improve their communities and protect the environment.

Consumers: Fair trade certification enables consumers to "vote with their dollar" by providing an independent guarantee that products were produced and traded fairly. We all lead busy lives, and we want to do the right thing, but we're busy. What if we could make a positive impact just with the purchases we make every day? And not have to go out of our way to do this? That's the compelling proposition of fair trade.

The Earth: Fair trade certification requires and rewards environmentally sustainable farming practices that protect farmers' health and preserve valuable ecosystems for future generations, and provides the resources and technical assistance needed for organic certification.