Lecture : acid-base-equilibria-in-aqueous-solutions

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experttutor

14 Nov 2022

School

USC

Department

Chemistry

Course

CHEM 526

Professor

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Document Summary

There are several ways/concepts/theories used to classify a substance as either an acid or base. Theories on acidity -bronsted and lowry, arrhenius and lewis. The br nsted-lowry theory describes acid-base interactions in terms of proton proton proton proton proton transfer transfer transfer transfer between chemical species. transfer. In terms of chemical structure, any br nsted-lowry acid must contain hydrogen hydrogen hydrogen hydrogen hydrogen dissociate asasasasas hhhhh +++++ that can dissociate dissociate dissociate dissociate. In order to accept a proton, a br nsted-lowry base must have at least one lone lone lone lone lone papapapapair of electrons to form a new bond with a proton. So, an acid-base reaction is any reaction in which aaaaa proton proton isisisisis transferred transferred proton proton transferred transferred from an proton transferred acid to a base. Br nsted-lowry definitions can be used to discuss acid-base reactions in any solvent (even gas phase). Eg, consider the reaction between ammonia and hydrogen chloride gases:

Related Questions

Part 1: For the following reaction, select all acid-base theories that apply. H2O(l) + :NH3(g) ? NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)

A Arrhenius

B BrÃ¸nsted-Lowry

C Lewis

Part 2: For the following reaction, select all acid-base theories that apply. :NH3(g) + BH3(g) ? NH3âBH3(s)

A Arrhenius

B BrÃ¸nsted-Lowry

C Lewis

Part 3: For the following reaction, select all acid-base theories that apply. HCl(aq) + H2O(l) ? H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

A Arrhenius

B BrÃ¸nsted-Lowry

C Lewis

Part 4: Which of the following substances are amphoteric (can act as either a BrÃ¸nsted-Lowry acid or base)?

A HCO3-

B H2PO4-

C NH4+

D H2O

E HS-

Match:

Substance	.......	Definition
____Lewis acid		A. Provides H⁺ in water
____Bronsted-Lowry acid		B. Provides OH ^- in water
____Arrhenius base		C. Proton donor
		D. Proton acceptor
		E. Electron pair donor
		F. Electron pair acceptor

Match:

	Substance	.......	Definition
___	Lewis acid		A. Provides H⁺ in water
____	Bronsted-Lowry acid		B. Provides OH ^- in water
____	Arrhenius acid		C. Proton donor
			D. Proton acceptor
			E. Electron pair donor
			F. Electron pair acceptor

One acid–base classification defines a base as a substance that acts as a proton ( $H^{+}$ ) acceptor, and is also known as a Bronsted–Lowry base. All bases contain a non‑bonding pair of electrons.

In each of the molecules, identify the atom that behaves only like a Bronsted–Lowry base.