do you agree or disagree and why? + source of the information:
A prevalence proportion differs from an incidence rate by specified cases and time period. A prevalence rate focuses on all kinds of existing cases while incidence rate focuses on new cases of disease. Incidence rate is calculated by dividing the number of new cases over a certain period of time by the population number that is at risk at that same time. The prevalence proportion can be calculated by the number of all existing illness and deaths at a specific time divided by the number of people in that population. There is also point prevalence, which the prevalence is measured at a certain point and period prevalence which measures prevalence over a period of time. To estimate the future risk of breast cancer among women aged 50-65, Incidence rate would be a better indicator since it focuses on the new cases and divides that number by the average population that is at risk at that certain time. It would be better at indicating the risk for women of that specific age group. When estimating the number of surgeons to treat breast cancer a prevalence proportion would be a better indicator. Because a prevalence proportion focuses on all cases and not just new cases, it can measure the ratio of how many surgeons will be needed to treat all people vs just new cases.
do you agree or disagree and why? + source of the information:
A prevalence proportion differs from an incidence rate by specified cases and time period. A prevalence rate focuses on all kinds of existing cases while incidence rate focuses on new cases of disease. Incidence rate is calculated by dividing the number of new cases over a certain period of time by the population number that is at risk at that same time. The prevalence proportion can be calculated by the number of all existing illness and deaths at a specific time divided by the number of people in that population. There is also point prevalence, which the prevalence is measured at a certain point and period prevalence which measures prevalence over a period of time. To estimate the future risk of breast cancer among women aged 50-65, Incidence rate would be a better indicator since it focuses on the new cases and divides that number by the average population that is at risk at that certain time. It would be better at indicating the risk for women of that specific age group. When estimating the number of surgeons to treat breast cancer a prevalence proportion would be a better indicator. Because a prevalence proportion focuses on all cases and not just new cases, it can measure the ratio of how many surgeons will be needed to treat all people vs just new cases.
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It is the early 1990s. The World Health Organization is planning a program for the global eradication of polio by the year 2000. Likura, a fictitious nation south-central Africa, may become one of the countries selected to test the effectiveness of WHOs polio eradication strategies. Unfortunately, little is known about polio in Likura. The Minister of Health therefore assigned the task of assessing the polio situation to a Ministry worker who has recently returned from an epidemiology course in Atlanta, and who is about to become the District Health Officer in the Ababo District. The Ababo District is a relatively poor rural district with a single hospital and several health centers. The Ababo District has attempted to conduct surveillance on polio cases and deaths over the past five years. The hospital, health centers, and all health workers are supposed to report such cases to the District Health Officer. One measure of the polio situation in a community is the prevalence of lameness in children, since lameness is a common sequel of polio. Question 1a: What data might you use (or collect) to determine the incidence of polio in the population?
Question 1b: What data might you use (or collect) to determine the prevalence of polio in the population?
Question 2: What is the difference between active and passive surveillance systems? Is the Ababo surveillance system for polio passive or active? To gather information on polio prevalence, vaccine coverage, and risk factors for polio, the District Health Officer conducted a survey of children in the district. Lameness was used as a surrogate for polio. The prevalence of lameness by vaccination status is shown in
able Lameness by Vaccination Status among Children 12-23 Months of Age, Ababo District, 1991.
| Lame | Normal | |||
| Polio Vaccine | 1 dose | 1 | 242 | 243 |
| 0 doses | 9 | 667 | 676 | |
| 10 | 909 | 919 |
Question 3: What is the prevalence of polio (lameness) among vaccinated (1 dose) children?
Question 4: What is the prevalence of polio (lameness) among the unvaccinated children?
Question 5: What is the vaccine coverage (at least one dose) in this population? Question 6: Interpret these data.
