13. What is the purpose of evolution? a To maintain biodiversity b. To create humans (Homo sapiens) c. To produce species and adaptations d. Evolution has no purpose

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Keith LeannonLv2

26 Mar 2018

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Paranthropus boisei and Homo neanderthalensis are considered âside branchesâ of human evolution - these species lived alongside Homo erectus and ancestral populations of Homo sapiens, respectively (see the hominin evolutionary tree on the last page of the handout), but are not thought to have notably contributed to the evolution of modern humans. Compare the anatomical features of the skull in a) Paranthropus boisei vs. Homo erectus and b) Homo neanderthalensis vs. Homo sapiens, and based on these comparisons come up with hypotheses to explain why Paranthropus and Homo neanderthalensis might have gone extinct while Homo erectus and Homo sapiens did not. (Hint: think about climatic factors - try doing some research on your own to determine what was happening with the climate at the time that Paranthropus and Homo neanderthalensis went extinct. Also, think about the various evolutionary mechanisms that weâve discussed in lecture and lab).

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Consider the evidence presented in the text for human evolution. What evidence do you consider to be the most significant and convincing support for human evolution? Today there is one species of humans â Homo sapiens, but in the past, several species of hominins existed at the same time and in the same area. Which theory do you feel explains the fate of the species that became extinct?

How is Homo erectus different from australopithecines? What makes H. erectus part of the genus Homo?

2) Examine the list of general trends in human evolution below. Based on your knowledge of our fossil ancestry, list these characteristics in order from oldest to most recent (1= Oldest, 5=Most Recent). For each trend also note which fossil species is first associated with the change.

A) Increase in brain size to an average of over 1000cc
B) Production and use of stone tools
C) Adaptations for bipedalism
D) Habitation (living) outside of Africa
E) Clear evidence of symbolic behavior ("art," elaborate and ritualized burial, etc.)