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Bio rq 26

1. How are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) made compared to how stem cells are made using a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?

2. Which type of stem cell, iPSC or those from SCNT, are more like embryonic stem cells? What is the reasoning?

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Lelia Lubowitz
Lelia LubowitzLv2
28 Sep 2019
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Related questions

Pleaserephrase these sentences while maintaining the samemeaning:

1) Reproductive cloning

• has been used to create Dolly the Sheep and many cloned cows,dogs, cats and horses.
• If the low success rates and issues of safety could be improvedas discussed below, the technology can be used to mass-produceanimals with special qualities, such as animals that are importantagriculturally or are able to produce helpful drugs for humanuse
• SCNT has environmental uses in that it can be used to repopulateendangered species, as has been shown with the wild ox and thegaur
• Some supporters of human reproductive cloning also see it as away of overcoming male infertility, where other methods of assistedreproduction have failed.

2) THERAPEUTIC CLONING :It could help advance embryonic stem cellresearch.

• The stem cells have to be able to be isolated from a source andthen grown in the laboratory
• The stem cells have to be able to be turned into thespecific
cell type needed for treatment

3) DNA CLONING is essential to enable enough copies of a gene orDNA segment to be analysed for human genetic testing to diagnosegenetic conditions and enable predictive or presymptomatic genetictesting for genetic conditions in asymptomatic individuals orprenatally (see Genetics Fact Sheets 21 and 17C).It providesmedical benefits in the fields of therapeutic cloning andregenerative medicine.
•It provides great potential for discovering treatments and curesto a plethora of diseases including Parkinson’s disease,schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, Cancer, spinal cord injuries,diabetes and many more.
•Limbs and organs could be grown in a lab from stem cells and thenused in transplants or to help treat illnesses.
•It will help scientists to learn about human growth and celldevelopment.
•Scientists and doctors will be able to test millions of potentialdrugs and medicine, without the use of animals or humantesters.
An advantage of the usage of adult stem cells to treat disease isthat a patient’s own cells could be used to treat a patient. Riskswould be quite reduced because patients’ bodies would not rejecttheir own cells.
•An advantage of using embryonic stem cells is that they candevelop into any cell types of the body, and may then be moreversatile than adult stem cells.
The Advantages of Cloning
　
The fundamental criterion of medical science must be the defenceand promotion of the integral good of the human person, in keepingwith that unique dignity which is ours by virtue of ourhumanity.

QUESTION 1

How is a bone marrow transplant able to treat someone with leukemia?

The donor blood contains antibodies that destroy cancer cells

Donor blood contains stem cells that regenerate cells in the immune system

Bone marrow contains induced pluripotent stem cells that turn into red blood cells

Bone marrow contains tumor supressor genes that slow down leukemia growth

Bone marrow contains pluripotent human embryonic stem cells

1.2 points

QUESTION 2

What would happen if siRNAs designed to target mRNA from an oncogene were introduced into cancer cells?

Increased genomic instability would result from adding foreign nucleic acids

New mutations would arise in the oncogene

The oncogene would be converted back into a proto-oncogene

The siRNAs would compete with the oncogene's active site

Production of the oncogene protein would decrease

1.2 points

QUESTION 3

What is the purpose of chromatin-remodeling enzymes in human cells?

The enzymes control the rate of translation of an mRNA transcript

The enzymes add phosphate or methyl groups to histone tails

The enzymes slide nucleosomes farther apart or closer to each other

The enzymes send damaged proteins to the proteasome for degradation

The enzymes cause DNA looping to occur

1.2 points

QUESTION 4

If you wanted to resurrect the mammoth, how would you do it?

Use somatic cell nuclear transfer to insert the mammoth genome into the egg of an elephant

Use transcription factors to re-program adult cells from elephants into mammoth cells

Change the gene expression patterns of elephants to increase production of mammoth genes

Use siRNAs to decrease expression of elephant-specific genes in an elephant embryo

1.2 points

QUESTION 5

How is eukaryotic transcription initiated?

RNA polymerase is recruited to the start codon by transcription factors

RNA polymerase begins transcription at the enhancer sequence

RNA polymerase is activated by binding to GTP

An initiator tRNA binds to the ribosome

A complex of proteins forms at the promoter of a gene

1. explain why / how dramatic climate change in the African RiftValley affected the evolution of brain size. be specific

2. explain why differences in skin pigmentation in humanpopulations can be explained by the theory of evolution and naturalselection. Be sure to discuss BOTH the evolutionary implications /benefits of light skin pigmentation AND dark skin pigmentation.

3.Which of the followingtechniques is required to clone animals?

a) adult stem cells

b) therapeutic cloning

c) induced pluripotent stem cells

d) somatic nuclear cell transfer

4.Which of the followingstatements about natural selection is TRUE?

a) Natural selection is a randomprocess.

b) Natural selection acts on phenotypesthat are controlled by genes.

c) Natural selection changes thefrequency of alleles in an individual.

d) Natural selection operatesindependently of the environment.

5. Which of the following BEST describes who Mitochondrial Evewas…

a) An African maternal ancestor of allhumanity today.

b) The only female that lived in Africamany years ago.

c) A female that is our ancestor fromAsia.

d) The first female to migrate out ofAfrica.

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