Samantha Styles is a 30 year old woman who is suffering from Type I Diabetes Mellitus. She takes insulin shots on a regular basis to keep her blood glucose and body energy levels in check. One day Samantha took an afternoon nap and stayed asleep for longer than usual. Her room-mates tried to wake her up but she did not respond. She was immediately taken to the emergency room of a hospital where she was declared to be in a state of coma. Her room-mates reported that Samantha had been feeling nauseated and drowsy and had been vomiting intermittently during the last 24 hours. Samantha is clinically dehydrated, and her blood pressure is low. Her respirations are deep and rapid, and her pulse rate is rapid too. Her breath has the âfruityâ odor to it.
Subsequent blood analyses were done to investigate her arterial blood pH, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), serum glucose, and serum bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels. The blood work revealed that her blood pH is 7.08 (reference range - 7.38 to 7.42), and that ketone bodies are present in both her blood and urine. Her blood glucose level is 648 mg/dL (reference range - 80 to 100 mg/dL after an overnight fast, and no higher than 200 mg/dL in a casual glucose sample taken without regard to the time of a last meal). In addition, HCO3- ion levels are below 21 mEq/ml.
1) One of the effects of insulin is to stimulate production of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). What is the function of lipoprotein lipase and state the effect of its decreased activity on Ms. Styles?
2) How does a lack of insulin affect glycogen metabolism? Which major enzyme/s in glycogen metabolism is affected by lack of insulin?
| Samantha Styles is a 30 year old woman who is suffering from Type I Diabetes Mellitus. She takes insulin shots on a regular basis to keep her blood glucose and body energy levels in check. One day Samantha took an afternoon nap and stayed asleep for longer than usual. Her room-mates tried to wake her up but she did not respond. She was immediately taken to the emergency room of a hospital where she was declared to be in a state of coma. Her room-mates reported that Samantha had been feeling nauseated and drowsy and had been vomiting intermittently during the last 24 hours. Samantha is clinically dehydrated, and her blood pressure is low. Her respirations are deep and rapid, and her pulse rate is rapid too. Her breath has the âfruityâ odor to it. Subsequent blood analyses were done to investigate her arterial blood pH, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), serum glucose, and serum bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels. The blood work revealed that her blood pH is 7.08 (reference range - 7.38 to 7.42), and that ketone bodies are present in both her blood and urine. Her blood glucose level is 648 mg/dL (reference range - 80 to 100 mg/dL after an overnight fast, and no higher than 200 mg/dL in a casual glucose sample taken without regard to the time of a last meal). In addition, HCO3- ion levels are below 21 mEq/ml. 1) One of the effects of insulin is to stimulate production of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). What is the function of lipoprotein lipase and state the effect of its decreased activity on Ms. Styles? 2) How does a lack of insulin affect glycogen metabolism? Which major enzyme/s in glycogen metabolism is affected by lack of insulin? |
