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Considering potential trade-offs between replication within hosts and transmission between hosts, would you expect parasites/pathogens to evolve to be more virulent if they are transmitted vertically (parent to offspring through reproduction) or horizontally (individual to individual)? Explain.

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Collen Von
Collen VonLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

Just to keep you in practice, a couple of the much beloved multiple multiple choice…

1. An increase in CO2 levels in the blood directly or indirectly causes which of the following?

A) an increases in ventilation rate

B) a decrease in the pH

C) a decrease in hemoglogin’s binding affinity for O2

D) a decrease in the O2 levels in the blood

E) an immediate increase in the number of red blood cells found in the blood stream

2. _____ Females that reproduce sexually versus asexually are said to incur a “two-fold cost of sexual reproduction.” Which of the following costs are associated with sexual reproduction for females?

A) MALES! That do-nothing lot really does not directly contribute offspring to the next generation. Females would be better off making all daughters.

B) FEMALES! In most natural settings, those daughters compete with their mothers for potential mates and resources needed to successfully reproduce.

C) MITOSIS! Since sexual reproduction can produce many more offspring than asexual reproduction, there are energetic costs associated with the mitotic divisions required to produce those offspring.

D) MEIOSIS! Every time a gamete is produced, the parent loses a little bit of itself. Half to be precise since only half of its genes are passed on to sexually produced offspring.

E) DIVERSITY! Mothers maximize fitness if all offspring are genetically just like them. Sexual reproduction causes genetic diversity, which ultimately lowers the fitness of both parents.

Misconception: Developed traits are passed on to offspring by the bigger, stronger organisms and traits from weaker organisms don't get passed on. Students are equating the individual fitness of an organism with it's size and strength when it should actually be related to the organism's survival and potential for reproduction.

http://wwpsd.sharpschool.com/common/pages/DisplayFile.aspx?itemId=15851459

please respond to the misconception above with an idea for an "engage" or "Do" activity that addresses that misconception. (Remember that to overcome misconceptions, students need to encounter a scenario where they can see that their idea does not hold water, and that the new idea does a better job.) If you find a resource on the web that you want to utilize as an "engage" or "do" activity, please make sure to cite your source. You must still explain how this activity addresses that particular misconception.

What are some interventions to reduce the burden of HIV/AIDS in Kenya? What can be done to prevent or treat the disease? I know they started to incorporate HIV/AIDS education in their school system, and they had a 5-year plan that aimed to focus on strengthening sexually transmitted disease and HIV programs, ensuring that there are more effective and ways of promoting abstinence, ensuring prevention and treatment efforts and expanding services for mother-to-child transmission. I'm working on a research paper and would love more intervention methods that have been applied and also what areas in Kenya have interventions implemented to them currently. If you could be as detailed as possible and include external links for reference, I will read through them. Thank you for your time.

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