There is only one basic reason why any species goes extinct. How does the generation time of a species influence its ability to adapt quickly? Using that understanding. Explain three characteristics of large animal species that makes extinction more likely for them.

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Lelia LubowitzLv2

3 Mar 2019

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Asexual reproduction: the first step to extinction
When species become asexual they could be taking the first stepto
extinction, say researchers who have been studying the geneticstructure
of Penicillium marneffei, an asexual fungus only found in parts ofsouthÂ
east Asia. Their research found that although P. marneffei sporeswere
able to spread over large distances on currents of air, they werenot able
to âinvadeâ the new environments in which they landed.
âWe believe the failure of P. marneffei to adapt to newenvironments is
because the fungus has largely dispensed with sexualreproduction.
Without sex, you will not have the mixing of genes it causes,something
all organisms need in order to be able to adapt to newenvironmentsâ, said
a member of the research team. Evolutionary theory predicts thatwhile
asexual organisms can initially prosper and out-compete theirsexual
cousins, they pay a price for being unable to adapt throughthe
recombination of genes caused by sexual reproduction.
DNA typing was used to show that different clones of the fungusare
found in different environments, and the researchers believe thatthe
adaptation of the fungus to these environments is limiting theirability to
adapt to other areas. They believe this is why P. marneffei isonly
endemic to a relatively small area of south-east Asia. Even thoughthe
6_________________________________________________________________
fungus makes spores which can spread over very large distances,the
researchers found that all the samples from any given locationwere
genetically very similar. This led them to the conclusion that thefungus
becomes highly adapted to its local environment, making ithighly
successful there, but stopping it spreading to other areas.
âBy being asexual, P. marneffei is not only limiting its ability toadapt, it
may be at risk of becoming extinct. If it is unable to adapt tonew
environments, it will be unable to adapt to changes in itscurrent
environment. While becoming asexual may provide short term
advantages to a species, in the long term, they are likely to endup in
evolutionâs ultimate dustbin â extinctionâ, concluded a member ofthe
research team

You should introduce your article by very briefly explaining thepurpose of
biological reproduction and touching upon the strategies used toachieve it, then
write your account using the following list as a guide to thepoints you should
discuss in your answer:
? How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction interms of
the biological processes involved and the genetic diversity andvariation of
the DNA produced?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of asexual andsexual
reproduction?
In terms of survival and adaptation, which reproduction strategy ismore
likely to allow a species to evolve rapidly (or to become extinct)?In your
answer briefly describe the two main mechanisms used to creategenetic
variation. Also, explain the factors and pressures that are likelyto drive the
process of adaptation.

sapphireantelope107

Which of the following statements is true about the theory of evolution?

The focus of the theory of evolution is to explain the origins of life.

According to the theory of evolution, life evolved entirely randomly.

The focus of the theory of evolution is to explain how life diversified from the first living cells.

According the theory of evolution, only the strongest and toughest can survive.

Which of the following best explains our current understanding of microevolution?

Neither microevolution nor macroevolution can be observed within a human lifespan?

Microevolution is the gradual change of the genetic makeup (allele frequency) of a population over time.

Microevolution and macroevolution occur by very different mechanisms

Microevolution is the evolution of small organisms; macroevolution is the evolution of large organisms.

The Irish elk is a giant species of deer that went extinct about 5,000 B.C. They are well-known for their extremely large antlers (12 feet wide) in males. The antlers likely played some role in protection against predators, but another possible cause for their large size could be

blending genetics

sexual selection

spontaneous generation

inheritance of acquired characteristics

Cross River gorilla is listed as critically endangered species. With only 35 of these gorillas in the world, they are at risk of extinction largely due to poaching and loss to diseases such as Ebola. Genetic studies of the remaining gorillas show very little variability, because several alleles were likely lost due to ______.

		genetic drift
		gene flow
		increased rate of spontaneous mutations
		adaptive radiation

Today you will be using an online visualization tool that illustrates the vulnerability to extinction of different groups of (mostly) terrestrial organisms. Spend some time looking through the website at projects.propublica.org/extinctions.

What group of organisms (mammals, reptiles, amphibians, or birds) hasâ¦

â¦the largest percentage of at-risk species? Whatâs the percentage?

â¦the smallest percentage? Whatâs the percentage?

Select any one family from the mammal, reptile, amphibian, or bird groups that has at least 40% of its species at risk for extinction (that is, the family grouping is colored red) and do some Internet research to identify some major mechanisms that have placed that members of that family at risk (e.g., climate change, habitat destruction, pollution).

Family:

Reasons for at-risk status:

Time for another website. You can google âGuardian endangered species mapâ â the site you want should be one of the top two search results â or you can type in the following: http://www.theguardian.com/environment/interactive/2012/sep/03/extinct-and-endangered-species-interactive. This map shows where species have already gone extinct and where the critically endangered species of today are located.

What country has had the largest number of extinctions since 1500? Within your group, talk about why this might be.

Now go to the âCritically endangered speciesâ view of the map (upper right corner). Where are the spots with high concentrations of critically endangered species? For your answer, you can either list specific countries, continents, sub-continental regions (e.g., southeast Asia, northern Asia), or climatic zones (e.g., tropics, subtropics). Your choice.

Now go to the âIn numbersâ part of the map (upper right corner). By clicking on the circles, you can see which groups of organisms are most threatened in different regions of the planet.

After clicking on all of the regions on the map, can you make generalizations about what group(s) of organisms is/are most threatened globally? (For the purposes of this question, ignore the âplants, insects, and otherâ catchall category and focus on the other groups.)

Are there important regional differences that stood out to you?