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There are three major classesof lipids in membranes:

- glycerol containing

- sphingosine containing

- cholesterol.

What are the characteristicsof each class.

There are phospholipids andglycolipids. Which classes fit thesecategories?

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Keith Leannon
Keith LeannonLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Describe the four major groups of lipids found in the cell.

Which one of these is the major component of cell membranes?

How do the chemical properties of this group of lipids explain cell membrane structure?

QUESTION 6

Which of the following is not true for Gram-negative, acid-fast, and archaeal membranes?

a.

They modify their lipid content in response to environmental changes.
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They have co-evolved the same outer membrane composition and structure.
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They all have a cytoplasmic membrane.
d.

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QUESTION 7

Compared to Mycobacteria, Gram-negative bacterium contain:

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More mycolic acid.
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Less peptidoglycan.
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50-fold-lower numbers of porins.

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QUESTION 8

Archaea are found to survive in strongly acidic lakes compared to bacteria and Eukaryotes. Which of the following supports this claim according to the study?

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The presence of L-glycerol ether linked lipids in Archaea membranes.
b.

The presence of D-glycerol ether linked lipids in Archaea membranes.
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The presence of L-glycerol ester linked peptidoglycans in Archaea membranes.
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The presence of L-glycerol ester linked lipids in Archaea membranes.

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QUESTION 9

Based on your understanding of the symbiotic relationship between Nanoarchaeum equitans and Ignicoccus, which of the following below is not true?

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The membrane lipids of N. equitans are synthesized by Ignoccocus.
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In exchange for membrane lipids, N. equitans provide Ignicoccus with many essential cytoplasmic enzymes.
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N. equitans lack enzymes capable of catalyzing lipid biosynthesis.
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QUESTION 10

What is the role of hydrogen bonds in bacteria, as mentioned in the article?

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They mediate transmembrane electron flow.
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They mediate lipid biosynthesis.
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They help to stabilize the cytoplasmic membrane.
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Cholesterol is transported in the bloodstream in lipoproteinparticles. There are several classes of lipoprotein particles, butone of the most important classes is called Low-densitylipoproteins (LDL). LDL particles are composed of a single moleculeof a large protein called apolipoprotein, as well as thousands ofcholesterols molecules and phospholipids. Part of theapolipoprotein forms the surface of the particles and faces theaqueous phase, while other parts face the hydrophobic interior ofthe particle where they interact with cholesterol and thehydrophobic tails of the phospholipids. When cells need additionalcholesterol, they produce a receptor protein on the surface oftheir plasma membrane that binds to the apolipoprotein andinitiates the uptake of LDL particles into the cell via a processcalled endocytosis.

1. What is the likely reason that LDL particles are used totransport cholesterol in the blood stream?

a. Cholesterol in LDL particles easily inserts into lipidbilayers

b. Cholesterol id largely insoluble in aqueous solutions

c. Cholesterol is synthesized within LDL particles

d. LDL particles can form lipid rafts in the lipid bilayer

2. What is the most likely location of phospholipids in LDLparticles?

a. Bound to the hydrophilic domain of apolipoprotein

b. In the lipid bilayer that surrounds LDL particles

c. On the surface interacting with the aqueous environment aswell as interacting with the hydrophobic core of the particle

d. Within the hydrophobic core of the particle

3. What best describes the class of protein that apolipoproteinbelongs to?

a. Amphipathic proteins

b. Cell surface proteins

c. Membrane associated protein

d. Multipass membrane proteins

4. What kind of molecule on the surface of the cell would bemost likely to serve as a receptor for LDL particles?

a. a cholesterol binding protein

b. a glycolipid

c. a phospholipid

d. trans membrane protein

5. What conditions would be most likely to trigger increaseduptake of LDL particles by cells?

a. increased glycolipid synthesis

b. increased plasma membrane growth

c. increased protein secretion

d. increase protein synthesis

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