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orchidclam386Lv1

28 Sep 2019

1) you hyperventilate for 30 seconds. hyperventilation is deepbreathing (Vt is greater than dead space volume) faster thannecessary. what happens to your respiration immediately thereafter?explain the physiological mechanisms involved.

2) you now hyperventilate for 30 seconds into and out of a paperbag. are the posthyperventilation effects any different than inquestion 1 ? why or why not?

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Irving HeathcoteLv2

28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

1) The neurotransmitters acetylcholine and norepinephrine are digested by enzymes that are located at the axon synapse or within the axon terminal of the neurons.

a)What are the names of these different types of enzymes?

b)Where are they located and what is the result of their enzymatic activity?

2) Explain how the Investigational New Drug process works as well as the four different phases of clinical trials. Why are some drugs still taken off the market after approval by the FDA?

3) A single IV injection of 100 mg drug with a half-life of 4 hours is administered to a young adult.

a) Plot drug concentration versus time on a graph making certain to clearly label.

b) How long will it take to eliminate > 95% of the drug?

c) If the volume of distribution is 4L, what is the clearance of the drug?

4) Many drugs are metabolized in the liver through the microsomal metabolizing system.

a) What specific enzymes are involved in this metabolism?

b) What are the main functions of these enzymes?

c) What are some factors that can contribute to individual drug metabolism variation? Explain.

5) Think of an emergency situation requiring immediate and intense physical exertion.

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6) It is interesting that a drug can produce a therapeutic effect and an undesired side effect in one situation, and that the same drug side effect may be considered a therapeutic effect in another situation. Explain this phenomenon using the drug promethazine as an example.

7) A patient brought into the emergency room is experiencing severe hypotension. Blood pressure reads 90/50.

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c) What would be the first indication that too much drug has been administered?

8) Only certain drugs are capable of crossing the blood brain barrier.

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Lab Topic 1: The Process of Science

Introduction

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c. Do hydrangeas look more beautiful when grown in the right soil?

d. Was The Day After Tomorrow a better movie than Terminator?

e. Does grass require fertilizer in order to grow?

2. Read this hypothesis and answer the questions below:

Plants kept closer to windows grow larger than plants kept several feet away from windows.

a. Indicate the dependent variable:

b. Indicate the independent variable:

c. List 3 other variables that must be kept constant in this experiment (the control variables).

d. Write a prediction based on the above hypothesis.

Exercise 1.1

Take a Deep Breath

Students will need to take a picture of themselves or their group walking up and down on the step or doing other exercise. Include a note with your name and date on an index card in the picture. Insert picture here:

1. Identify the following in the experimental design. You will need to refer to the protocol to answer this question.

a. Independent variable:

b. Dependent variable:

c. Experimental dataset:

d. Control dataset:

e. Hypothesis:

2. Fill in the data for each individual in your group for the Breath experiment.

	Length of time breath can be held (seconds)
Individual Tested	Resting	After 1 minutes of exercise	After 5 minutes of exercise




Average (take the average for each column)

3. Look at the averages for all individuals in your group. Was the hypothesis you stated in the previous question supported by the âaverage dataâ? Explain your answer!!!

4. Now look at the data for each individual separately. Was there data for anyone in your group that did not support the hypothesis? If yes, explain whythis could be.

5. How many replicates did your group have?________________ Why is it good to have more than one replicate?

Exercise 1.2

Letâs Graph

In this exercise, you will be graphing the data that you collected in exercise 1.1.

1. In exercise 1.1, you identified the independent and dependent variables. Which one goes on the X axis of the graph and which goes on the Y axis?

2. Will you make a line or a bar graph of your data? Explain why you chose this type of graph.

3. You will need to use excel to generate a graph of your data. On this graph, you will need to label the title, independent variable, dependent variable and possibly the legend. You will need to select an appropriate scale so the data is spread out on the graph.

*Consult with your instructor to see how he/she would like for you to submit your graph. You might work on it in class and submit it through D2L or you might submit it at a different time. If you are taking the online version of the class, you will need to use Excel or word to make the graph.

Exercise 1.3

You will need to get the data under exercise 1.3 in the protocol sheet to complete these sections.

1. What is the dependent variable?

2. What is the independent variable?

3. Which, if any, of these individuals has diabetes? ___A or B ___?

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Exercise Pharmacology

Chapter 1

1. Distinguish between pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacology.

2. How would you determine a drugâs doseâresponse curve?

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4. How would you determine equipotent doses for two drugs of the same class?

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6. How might a drugâs volume of distribution be altered in the case of a person who is obese? A person who is elderly?

7. How might you explain an antagonist with partial agonist activity?

8. What are some of the ways that taking a second drug can affect the activity of the ï¬rst drugâor either drug?

Chapter 2

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2. Your mother asks your advice about starting an exercise program. She is in pretty good health, but wants to drop some weight besides improving her cardiovascular health. What kind of exercise plan would you recommend to get her started? How would you explain to her the beneï¬ts of such a plan? After the initial couple of weeks, would you recommend any changes that might help her with her long-term ï¬tness goals?

3. Compare and contrast the three major muscle ï¬ber types in terms of their metabolism and fuel preference.

4. You are a graduate student working in an exercise physiology lab. You see a claim in a bodybuilding magazine about a supplement that rapidly increases power, strength, and muscle mass. How would you set up an experiment to test whether these claims are true?

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Chapter 3

1. Compare and contrast the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

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5. Describe some of the theories that attempt to explain the bodyâs paradoxical response to exercise.

6. What are the key physiological changes that occur during the ï¬ght or ï¬ight response? How do they help in survival?

Chapter 4

1. What is meant by âbeta-blockers with ISAâ? What advantages might these drugs have? Disadvantages?

2. What property makes some beta-blockers cardio selective?

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5. The NCAA and USOC have banned beta-blockers from many types of com-petition. Why?

Chapter 5

1. Bill, a deconditioned, recently divorced 50-something exec driving that new BMW, wants to drop some weight and look good. He has high blood pressure. What kind of exercise regime would you recommend?

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3. How do calcium channel blockers reduce blood pressure?

4. Mary enjoys running and likes to compete in 10K races and half marathons. She also is diagnosed with high blood pressure. What are her options for regulating her blood pressure while maintaining a training schedule and remaining competitive?

5. How do ACE inhibitors affect blood pressure?

6. How do ARBs affect blood pressure?