Based on what you have learned about emotion and motivation, learning theories, as well as biological (nature) and environmental/social (nurture) factors, explore the debate on what is known about the causes of aggressive behavior. Include the following sections in your essay.
Introduction Paragraph
Body Paragraphs:
Nature: Biological Basis of Behavior
Is one gender naturally (genetically) more or less aggressive than the other gender? Why or why not? Discuss evidence to support your position. (Refer to specific theories, models, and research of particular psychologists in this section of the paper.)
Nurture: Social and Environmental Influences on Behavior
Does exposure to aggressive behavior in the environment (i.e. home, role models, caregivers, media - TV, movies, music, and video games), encourage or discourage aggressive behavior? Discuss evidence to support your position. (Refer to specific theories, models, and research of particular psychologists in this section of the paper.)
Conclusion Paragraph
Based on what you have learned about biological and environmental influences on behavior, which plays a more influential role in helping us understand aggression?
Requirements: Length = approximately 2-3 pages.
Based on what you have learned about emotion and motivation, learning theories, as well as biological (nature) and environmental/social (nurture) factors, explore the debate on what is known about the causes of aggressive behavior. Include the following sections in your essay.
Introduction Paragraph
Body Paragraphs:
Nature: Biological Basis of Behavior
Is one gender naturally (genetically) more or less aggressive than the other gender? Why or why not? Discuss evidence to support your position. (Refer to specific theories, models, and research of particular psychologists in this section of the paper.)
Nurture: Social and Environmental Influences on Behavior
Does exposure to aggressive behavior in the environment (i.e. home, role models, caregivers, media - TV, movies, music, and video games), encourage or discourage aggressive behavior? Discuss evidence to support your position. (Refer to specific theories, models, and research of particular psychologists in this section of the paper.)
Conclusion Paragraph
Based on what you have learned about biological and environmental influences on behavior, which plays a more influential role in helping us understand aggression?
Requirements: Length = approximately 2-3 pages.
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QUESTION 26
Age 65 has come to be considered the onset of old age in the U.S. because:
a. | This is when most older adults find their abilities diminishing | |
b. | At age 65, physical appearance makes it evident that a person is old | |
c. | This is the age identified in Social Security and Medicare at the time these were enacted | |
d. | This is the age at which life expectancy diminishes most rapidly |
1 points
QUESTION 27
The concept of "dependency ratios" has been criticized because:
Individual differences in needs as well as differences in aging and activity choices make it difficult to ascertain which generation depends on which other generations. | ||
Very few older adults ever rely on younger individuals for support and assistance | ||
The most dependent generation may well be young adults | ||
It is common knowledge that older adults are dependent on younger individuals |
1 points
QUESTION 28
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the purpose of theory in understanding aging?
a. | Theories attempt to explai what we observe in empirical research or practice | |
b. | A goal is to consolidate practice around a simple set of principles | |
c. | Theories resolve disputes about the nature of reality and definitions of aging | |
d. | The most important purpose is to reduce apparently complex phenomena to a few basic factors |
1 points
QUESTION 29
Explanations that focus on the situations and problems that accumulate during the life span and cannot be understood separate from developmental experiences are considered to reflect:
a. | The aged | |
b. | Aging | |
c. | Age | |
d. | The meaning of life |
1 points
QUESTION 30
Early theories of aging, described later life as a:
a. | Problem | |
b. | normal, welcomed stage of life | |
c. | rare and unique process | |
d. | Too idiosyncratic for generalized description |
1 points
QUESTION 31
Theories that explain aging as resulting from the accumulation of "insults" from the environment, which eventually reach a level incompatible with life are labeled:
a. | Sociocultural theories | |
b. | Selective optimization with compensation | |
c. | Model of Human Occupation | |
d. | Stochastic theories |
1 points
QUESTION 32
Psychological theories of aging seek to explain
a. | Reasons for the emergence of mental disorders in late life | |
b. | Why older individuals are likely to be pessimistic | |
c. | Relationships among older and younger individuals | |
d. | The multiple changes in individual behavior in late life |
1 points
QUESTION 33
It is now believed that neurological theories of aging that focus on decline in neurological functioning may be:
a. | Too optimistic | |
b. | Lacking in clarity | |
c. | Too pessimistic | |
d. | Too limited |
1 points
QUESTION 34
In the theory of Selective Optimization with Compensation, "optimization" refers to the idea that:
a. | People engage in behaviors that augment or enrich their general reserves and maximize their chosen life courses | |
b. | People make efforts in middle age to accumulate needed resources to ensure successful aging | |
c. | Changing biological and psychological factors that enhance the abilities of older adults in memory and problem solving | |
d. | Political initiatives that reduce stigma associated with later life |
1 points
QUESTION 35
Mrs. Adams, an 87 year-old widow, has begun to distance herself from some of her extended family members. At the same time, she spends increasing time with her adult children, grandchildren, and some of her close neighbors. This would be an example of:
a. | The Model of Human Occupation | |
b. | Evolutionary Theory | |
c. | Cognition and Aging theories | |
d. | Socioemotional Selectivity Theory |
1 points
QUESTION 36
A theory of particular relevance to occupational and physical therapy is:
a. | Theory of Free Radicals | |
b. | Systems theory of motor control | |
c. | Stochastic theories | |
d. |
1 points
QUESTION 37
Theory is important to therapeutic decisions as a way to:
a. | Reduce the therapist's need to address individual differences | |
b. | Guide decisions about evaluation and intervention | |
c. | Minimize the idea of complexity in understanding older adults | |
d. | Clearly identify the specific evaluation instruments to be used |
Meadow voles differ from prairie voles in that they:
a. | are not monogamous. | |
b. | show preference for a single partner if the AVPR1A gene is blocked. | |
c. | release vasopressin but not oxytocin. | |
d. | release oxytocin but not vasopressin. |
5 points
Question 2
Painful events are detected by:
a. | Free nerve endings. | |
b. | Merkel's disks. | |
c. | Meissner's corpuscles. | |
d. | Pacinian corpuscles. |
5 points
Question 3
It has been found that:
a. | Language memory is stored near Broca's area. | |
b. | Identifying pictures of hand tools uses memories stored in the left temporal lobe and hand motor areas. | |
c. | Identifying the color of an object requires memories stored in the temporal lobe. | |
d. | All of the above. |
5 points
Question 4
Sex is considered to be a form of ___ behavior.
a. | chaotic | |
b. | motivated | |
c. | learned | |
d. | innate |
5 points
Question 5
A difference between Einstein's brain and the average brain is that:
a. | It was larger in size. | |
b. | It was lighter in weight. | |
c. | There were more neurons. | |
d. | There was no difference. |
5 points
Question 6
The individual in the opening chapter vignette lost virtually all motor control because the control of our muscles and, hence, our limbs and bodies is heavily influenced by and has to be integrated with our ___.
a. | proprioception sense | |
b. | vestibular sense | |
c. | skin senses | |
d. | visceral sense |
5 points
Question 7
Which cortical area is most important for maintaining information in working memory when a distracting stimulus is introduced?
a. | Temporal lobe. | |
b. | Parietal lobe. | |
c. | Prefrontal cortex. | |
d. | All of the above. |
5 points
Question 8
The anxiolytics that have the highest abuse and addiction potentials are:
a. | Barbiturates. | |
b. | SNRIs. | |
c. | Benzodiazepines. | |
d. | Tricyclics. |
5 points
Question 9
If your grandfather suffered a stroke in his left prefrontal cortex, in what ability would he likely be most impaired?
a. | Working out a complicated math problem in his head. | |
b. | Wondering what the capital city of Nevada is. | |
c. | Playing the piano. | |
d. | Quickly telling you the value of 3x3. |
5 points
Question 10
Major depression:
a. | Can usually be explained by exposure to prolonged stress. | |
b. | Always consists of decreased physical activity. | |
c. | Generally appears after midlife. | |
d. | None of the above. |
5 points
Question 11
According to your text, one of the reasons that some psychologists question the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder is that:
a. | Symptoms seem to come and go. | |
b. | The symptoms are not consistent across diagnosing psychologists. | |
c. | The number of diagnosed cases increased from 500 to 5000 over a period of six years. | |
d. | They believe it is a popular diagnosis due to movies such as The Three Faces of Eve. |
5 points
Question 12
When the differences in body size are accounted for, the average male's brain is ___ than the average female's brain.
a. | heavier | |
b. | lighter | |
c. | the same size | |
d. | the same ratio |
5 points
Question 13
All of the following make it difficult to determine if there are gender-related differences in behavior and cognition except:
a. | The results show evidence for strong differences, but people do not want to accept them. | |
b. | Different researchers tend measure the same characteristic in different ways. | |
c. | The differences that exist are relatively small. | |
d. | People tend to talk to children dressed as boys or girls in different, subtle ways. |
5 points
Question 14
The leading environmental cause of intellectual disability is:
a. | Maternal alcoholism. | |
b. | Rubella. | |
c. | Prenatal exposure to virus. | |
d. | Early infancy exposure to viruses. |
5 points
Question 15
Antipsychotic medicines have come to be known as ___, which means ___.
a. | psycholeptics; to have antipsychotic effects | |
b. | neuroleptics; to have anti-neurosis effects | |
c. | neuroleptics; to seize control of a neuron | |
d. | psycholeptics; to seize control of a psychosis |
5 points
Question 16
Using classical conditioning to pair a loud boat horn with presenting a blue slide, researchers found that with:
a. | Hippocampus damage, conditioning occurred even though the subjects could not describe what was learned. | |
b. | Amygdala damage, conditioning occurred even though the subjects could not describe what was learned. | |
c. | Hippocampus damage, no conditioning occurred but subjects could describe the procedure. | |
d. | None of the above. |
5 points
Question 17
In the most famous case of Ablatio penis, where a young boy with XY chromosomes had his penis destroyed during a circumcision,
a. | the child (Bruce) was born as a hermaphrodite and the decision was made to rear him as a girl (Brenda). | |
b. | Money counseled the parents that by rearing the child (Bruce) as a girl, âsheâ (Brenda) would accept a female gender identity. | |
c. | the child lost both testicles, which was the source for all of the male-specific hormones in âherâ body. | |
d. | Money showed that the âneutral-at-birthâ position was in fact correct. |
5 points
Question 18
The method of introspection is seldom used in today's research because:
a. | Machines were developed that were more accurate. | |
b. | It was found to be too subjective. | |
c. | It required too much training to produce accurate results. | |
d. | All of the above. |
5 points
Question 19
Both Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease produce damage to:
a. | Declarative memory. | |
b. | Nondeclarative memory. | |
c. | Memory of Lincolnâs birthplace. | |
d. | Memory of what you had for breakfast. |
5 points
Question 20
Lucid dreamers:
a. | Show characteristics of being both awake and asleep. | |
b. | Can control the content of their dreams. | |
c. | Know that they are dreaming. | |
d. | All of the above. |
Meadow voles differ from prairie voles in that they: