There was an experiment where they isolated the pleasure receptorsin the brains of rats and they enabled the rats to stimulatethemselves basically by pressing a button. So, I'm wondering ifthat constituted addiction because the rats just gave up food andbasically kept pressing this button until it died.
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When someone gets a bone marrow transplant, they have to be quarantined and carefully protected from pathogens for a period of time afterward. Why?
A. | Bone marrow produces the main cells involved in the specific immune response, so these patients are at special risk of infection until they build up enough marrow to produce sufficient cells. | |
B. | Bone marrow produces blood cells, so they have insufficient circulation for a period of time so their immune system lacks the energy to fight off any infection. | |
C. | Anytime a foreign substance, even someone else's bone marrow, is introduced to a body, there is an extra risk of infection. | |
D. | A common complication of bone marrow transplants is infection, and doctor's don't want the infection to spread to others. | |
E. | It's a traumatic procedure, and any extra stress on their body could kill them. |
There is antibody-mediated and cell-mediated specific immunity. Which type of cells are primarily involved in the antibody-mediated immune response?
A. | Macrophages | |
B. | B cells | |
C. | Complement proteins | |
D. | T cells | |
E. | Antigens |
From the bacteria's perspective, why is it helpful that it produce diarrhea in people?
A. | Because it gets the bacteria out of the person and, likely, into the next one | |
B. | It's not helpful really. That's just what that toxin causes. | |
C. | Because that quickly kills the person | |
D. | Because it makes the patient too unpleasant to be around | |
E. | Because there is no real treatment for that |
Where do prions come from?
A. | There are prion-like particles in the brain normally, and when these become abnormal they can cause disease. | |
B. | Mosquitoes. | |
C. | They are clumps which form from normal prion-like particles in the blood that travel to the brain. | |
D. | They are introduced by infectious protozoa. | |
E. | Contaminated water. |