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Biology
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QUESTION 1

A mutation caused by exposure to gamma rays is called a spontaneous mutation

a.

True

b.

False

c.

Sometimes, depending on the type of base change

d.

Gamma rays do not cause mutations

QUESTION 2

A recessive mutation affecting an essential biochemical pathway can be detected________

a.

when the organism is heterozygous for that mutation.

b.

when the organism is homozygous for that mutation.

c.

in either homozygous or heterozygous conditions.

d.

only by sequencing (recessive mutations never show a phenotype).

QUESTION 3

During DNA replication, the newly synthesized chain grows by adding

a.

nitrogenous bases

b.

the sugar-phosphate backbone

c.

nucleosides

d.

dNTPs

QUESTION 4

During replication, the DNA strand 5’- AAGTCTAGCCTAG -3’ will serve as a template for the polymerization of:

a.

5’- CTAGGCTAGACTT -3’

b.

5’ - TTCAGATCGGATC -3’

c.

5’ - GATCCGATCTGAA -3’

d.

3’ - AAGTCTAGCCTAG -5’

QUESTIOn 5

Given the following DNA sequences, select which statement(s) is(are) correct.

Sequence 1:

5’-TGGACGCTAA-3’

3’-ACCTGCGATT-5’

Sequence 2:

5’-AATCGCAGGT-3’

3’-TTAGCGTCCA-5’

Sequence 3:

5’-ACCTGCGATT-3’

3’-TGGACGCTAA-5’

a.

Sequences 1 and 2 are the same

b.

Sequences 1 and 3 are the same

c.

Sequences 2 and 3 are the same

d.

Sequences 1, 2 and 3 are all different

QUESTION 6

Repetitive sequences in the genome are hotspots for:

a.

Deamination

b.

Depurination

c.

Thymine dimer formation

d.

Replication errors

QUESTION 7

Select which statement(s) about the Ames test is(are) correct

a.

it has been designed to understand mutation repair systems in Salmonella typhimurium

b.

it uses mammalian liver extract

c.

it allows to study whether chemical compounds or their enzymatic breakdown products are mutagenic

d.

it is based on whether a chemical compound causes reversion mutations from his+ to his-

e.

two of the above are correct

f.

three of the above are correct

QUESTION 8

Select which statement(s) is(are) correct.

a.

All DNA strands have a direction, and it is specified by the carbons in the sugar backbone.

b.

All DNA strands have a direction, and it is specified by hydrogen bonds between nucleotides.

c.

In order to form proper base pairs in a double stranded DNA molecule, the two strands must run in opposite directions.

d.

A and C are correct.

e.

B and C are correct.

QUESTION 9

Studies of gene mutation frequencies have shown that:

a.

mutations are rare, and genomes are generally stable.

b.

mutation frequencies differ among organisms and also between genes, suggesting certain genes are more susceptible to mutation.

c.

mutation frequencies are consistent between organisms, and each region of DNA is equally susceptible to random mutations.

d.

Both A and B are correct.

e.

Both A and C are correct.

QUESTION 10

The compound 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is a derivative of uracil, and if BrdU becomes incorporated during DNA replication, it pairs with adenine. This compound is best classified as which type of mutagen?

a.

base analog

b.

base inducer

c.

intercalating agent

d.

oxidative agent

e.

alkylating agent

QUESTION 11

The rate of mutation of the fruit fly is higher than the rate of mutation of Algae

True

False

QUESTION 12

Thymine dimers are most commonly caused by which of the following?

a.

X-rays

b.

Alkylating agents

c.

U.V. irradiation

d.

DNA intercalating agents

QUESTION 13

What chemical group is found in the 3’ end of a DNA strand?

a.

an alcohol

b.

a hydroxyl

c.

a methyl

d.

a phosphate

QUESTION 14

What chemical group is found in the 5’ end of a DNA strand?

a.

an alcohol

b.

a hydroxyl

c.

a methyl

d.

a phosphate

QUESTION 15

Which is the correct order of molecules binding to DNA during DNA replication?

a.

Helicase, SSB, primase, DNA pol III, DNA pol I, ligase

b.

SSB, DNA pol I, ligase, helicase, DNA pol I, primase

c.

primase, helicase, DNA pol III, ligase, DNA pol I, SSB

d.

SSB, helicase, primase, DNA pol III, DNA pol I, ligase

QUESTION 16

Which statement(s) is(are) correct about strand slippage?

a.

It can cause disorders such as Huntingon disease.

b.

It is a process that causes mutations altering the number of DNA repeats.

c.

It is a process that incorporates nucleotide base analogs and trinucleotide repeats.

d.

a and b are correct.

e.

b and c are correct.

f.

a, b and c are correct.

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Related questions

What step in DNA replication precedes the pairing of complementary bases?

A.

polymerization of DNA.

B.

formation of the histone core.

C.

mitotic division.

D.

separation of the two strands.

E.

joining of the two strands.

In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the

A.

ribosome.

B.

mitochondria.

C.

cell membrane.

D.

cytoplasm.

E.

nucleus.

Normal human body cells contain how many chromosomes?

A.

46

B.

22

C.

23

D.

44

E.

42

Hershey and Chase performed an experiment in which they used radioactive isotopes to phosphorus and sulfur to label different components of bacterial viruses. Their results clearly showed that

A.

the viruses did not contain protein.

B.

genetic material normally contains radioactive isotopes.

C.

the viruses did not contain DNA.

D.

protein was entering into the infected bacteria.

E.

DNA was entering into the infected bacteria.

A package of histones with DNA wrapped around them forms spherical structures called

A.

nucleosomes.

B.

lysosomes.

C.

ribosomes.

D.

nucleoli.

E.

chromatin.

DNA replication

A.

does not require proteins.

B.

is constantly happening in a cell.

C.

occurs in G1 of interphase.

D.

takes place in the nucleus of the cell.

E.

occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

The two subunits of the ribosome join during

A.

promotion of transcription.

B.

initiation of translation.

C.

termination of transcription.

D.

termination of translation.

E.

elongation.

DNA replication of a single DNA molecule is referred to as semiconservative because

A.

each of the two DNA molecules will consist of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.

B.

all the DNA strands in the two DNA molecules will have both parental and newly synthesized DNA.

C.

it results in two nonidentical DNA molecules.

D.

of the two DNA molecules, one is made up totally of parental DNA, while the other is entirely newly synthesized DNA.

E.

one DNA strand is replicated continuously, while the other must be replicated discontinuously.

The bases are bonded to what part of the backbone of the DNA molecule?

A.

the 4’ carbon atom of the sugar molecule.

B.

the 3’ carbon atom of the sugar molecule.

C.

the 5’ carbon atom of the sugar molecule.

D.

the 1’ carbon atom of the sugar molecule.

E.

the 2’ carbon atom of the sugar molecule.

Question 1

The process by which RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template is …

Select one:

a. replication

b. transcription

c. translation

d. inspiration

Question 2

Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not mitosis?

Select one:

a. DNA condenses into chromosomes

b. nuclear envelop disappears

c. homologous chromosomes separate

d. sister chromatids separate

Question 3

Which part of the animal life cycle is haploid?

Select one:

a. gamete

b. zygote

c. sporophyte

d. spore

Question 4

Single celled eukaryotic organisms are …

Select one:

a. viruses

b. bacterial

c. archaea

d. protists

Question 5

Which type of cellular division results in the formation of diploid cells from a diploid parent cell?

Select one:

a. mitosis

b. meiosis

c. interphase

d. A and B but not C

e. all of the above

Question 6

A sequence of DNA that codes for a single protein is a …

Select one:

a. gene

b. ribosome

c. mRNA

d. none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is characteristic of animals?

Select one:

a. heterotrophic

b. sexual reproduction

c. embryonic development

d. all of the above

Question 8

All genes have only two possible alleles.

Select one:

True

False

Question 9

The presence of membrane-bound organelles is characteristic of …

Select one:

a. prokaryotes

b. viruses

c. bacteria

d. eukaryotes

Question 10

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Select one:

a. fatty acids

b. amino acids

c. nucleic acids

d. all of the above

Question 11

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Select one:

a. Mitosis

b. Interphase

c. Meiosis

d. Replicosis

Question 12

Which of the following characteristic is shared among fungi and animals?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. heterotrophic

c. cell walls

d. absorb nutrients

Question 13

A error in DNA replication that goes unrepaired is a …

Select one:

a. chromosome

b. chromatid

c. mutation

d. none of the above

Question 14

Alternate forms of a gene are called ________.

Select one:

a. chromatids

b. chromosomes

c. ribosomal subunits

d. alleles

Question 15

The physical expression of a genotype is the phenotype.

Select one:

True

False

Question 16

In complete dominance, a heterozygous genotype results in …

Select one:

a. a recessive phenotype

b. a dominant phenotype

c. a third and unique phenotype

d. none of the above

Question 17

Which theory explains the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

Select one:

a. phagocytosis

b. endosymbiosis

c. pinocytosis

d. none of the above

Question 18

Which scientist experimented with plants to describe patterns of inheritance?

Select one:

a. Mendel

b. Chase

c. Einstein

d. Watson

Question 19

Which cellular organelle contains aerobic cellular respiration?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. mitochondria

c. nucleus

d. lysosome

Question 20

Which of the following statements is false?

Select one:

a. Haploid gametes are formed by meiosis

b. Mitosis forms genetically identical daughter cells

c. Mitosis results in the formation of four daughter cells from a single parent cell

d. Mitosis forms diploid daughter cells from a diploid parent cell

Question 21

The first forms of life on Earth were ________.

Select one:

a. plants

b. microorganisms

c. birds

d. dinosaurs

Question 22

Which of the following is used to separate chromosomes during nuclear division?

Select one:

a. cytoskeleton

b. microtubules

c. actin and myosin

d. amoeboid movement

e. all of the above

Question 23

Which generation is most dominant in more primitive plants?

Select one:

a. bryophyte

b. sporophyte

c. gametophyte

d. androphyte

Question 24

Which of the following is characteristic of plants?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. contain chloroplasts

c. multicellular

d. all of the above

Question 25

During which phase of mitosis do chromosome line up along the middle of the cell?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 26

During which phase of mitosis does DNA condense into distinct chromosomes?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 27

The process by which DNA is used as a template to make new DNA is …

Select one:

a. translation

b. replication

c. transcription

d. allocation

Question 28

Which of the following is characteristic of plant but not animal cells?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. water vacuole

c. cell wall

d. all of the above

Question 29

Which meiotic division is most like mitosis?

Select one:

a. Meiosis I

b. Meiosis II

c. Meiosis III

d. Meiosis IV

Question 30

Which enzyme catalyzes replication?

Select one:

a. DNA polymerase

b. RNA polymerase

c. Ribosome

d. all of the above

13

Which of the two major categories of the chemical reactions in photosynthesis is oxygen the INDIRECT product?

A

Glycolysis

B

Oxidative phosphorylation

C

Both light and dark

D

Light independent phase (LIP)

E

Light dependent phase (LDP)

14

You have a stomach flu characterized by vomiting. Which of the following systems is most responsible for the food in your stomach going the wrong way, e.g. vomiting? (Disregard this question and answer choice B)

A

Cardiac Muscle in the large intestine as discussed in class.

B

Smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal tract

C

Smooth muscle in the blood vessels

D

Skeletal muscle in the intestine

15

Proteins are made from which of the following smaller sub units?

A

Nucleotides

B

Amino acids that cannot enter the blood stream and go to cells

C

Monosaccharides

D

Fatty acids

E

Amino acids which can form new protein

16

Carbohydrates are digested in the gastrointestinal system into which of the following substances that is the smallest structure?

A

Polysaccharides that are produced by glucagon

B

Monosaccharides that are produced by insulin

C

Monosaccharides

D

Polysaccharide

17

Which of the following biomolecules has the longest digestion time? In other words, how long does it take for the biomolecule to be catabolized?

A

DNA

B

Lipid

C

Carbohydrate

D

Protein

18

You are sunburned after a long day at the beach. Which one is not an example of UV damage to your skin cells?

A

A mutation can occur in your ovaries

B

A mutation can occur in skin cell DNA that can lead to errors in transcription.

C

Errors can occur during DNA replication.

D

UV light can cause mutations in DNA of skins cells.

E

Thymine bases in your skin DNA bond with each other instead of across the double helix

19

This region, the ______________ (a) tells RNA polymerase where to bind to DNA while this region, the ______________ (b) tells RNA where to start transcription.

A

(a) promoter, (b) open reading frame

B

(a) start codon, (b) methionine

C

(a) promoter, (b) start site

D

(a) start site, (b) promoter

20

The genetic code is used to translate ______________ into ______________.

A

lipids, nucleotides

B

nucleotides,carbohydrates

C

nucleotides, lipids

D

nucleotides, amino acids

E

nucleosides, amino acids

21

Transcription of a gene has just completed. What are the next steps (in the correct order) to complete expression of that gene?

A

RNA polymerase makes a copy of DNA into mRNA.

B

mRNA is translated in the nucleus and ribosomal RNA moves into the cytoplasm.

C

Gene expression is completed after transcription.

D

mRNA moves into the cytoplasm and with tRNA they interact to form protein

E

Translation machinery moves into the nucleus and mRNA is translated into protein.

22

How is it that a mutation in DNA stored inside the nucleus of a cell can cause a disease affecting multiple organs?

A

This remains an unanswered question in science that scientists are still trying to figure out.

B

The mutated DNA is expressed in multiple cells through the process of transcription and translation, and the altered protein causes the disease wherever the DNA was expressed.

C

The mutated DNA is expressed in one cell and the altered protein travels to multiple organs to cause disease.

D

The mutated DNA is expressed and the mRNA takes the mutated information to other cells where the altered protein is made to cause disease in that organ.

23

The advantage of sickle cell anemia is which of the following?

A

It decreases the amount of oxygen in the blood cells so that mosquitoes carrying malaria will live

B

It decreases the amount of oxygen in the blood cells so that mosquitoe's blood form will die.

C

It allows the blood vessels to decrease the amount of blood going to the toes and feet.

D

There is none.

24

Which of the following is a purpose of cell division?

A

Cell reproduction

B

Growth

C

Repair

D

All of these

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