True / False Questions
01. _____ Antibody is composed of 2identical long heavy chains and 2 identical shorter lightchains.
02. _____ Variable (V) and constant(C) regions are part of both heavy and light chains.
03. _____ Variable regions for heavyand light chains from the same antibody molecule are alwaysidentical.
04. _____ Variable region of lightchains are encoded by the DNA sequences that contain rearranged V,D, and J segments.
05. _____ Fc part of the antibody isnot important, F(abâ)2 fragment has the same binding andeffector capacity.
06. _____ Fab fragments are generatedby alternative splicing.
07. _____ J chain is used as asurrogate light chain during pre-B cell receptor testing forsuccessful V(D)J rearrangement.
08. _____ Binding of the antigen byantibody is stabilized by disulfide bonds.
09. _____ RAG1/2 are always expressedin B cells at high level, because B cells need RAG1/2 to constantlyrearrange their V regions.
10. _____ âNâ (non template)nucleotides are added by TdT.
11. _____ The 12/23 rule is appliedduring class switching.
12. _____ For B cells, V(D)Jrecombination occurs only in the bone marrow.
13. _____ The process of somatichypermutation helps to improve specificity of the antibody.
14. _____ In late pro-B cells, Vsegment is rearranged with DJ segments.
15. _____ Failure to eliminateself-reactive B cells may lead to serious autoimmune diseases.
16. _____ Mature, naïve B cellsexpress IgD and any of the other classes of antibody (IgM, IgG,IgA, or IgE) on their surfaces.
17. _____ B1 cells are present in theperitoneal cavity, pleural spaces and brain.
18. _____ AID (activation inducedcytidine deaminase) is expressed only in B cells and it canintroduce breaks in double stranded DNA.
19. _____ Different classes (isotypes)of antibodies have different effector functions, which aretriggered by special receptors expressed by a variety of cells.
20. _____ Plasma cells are terminallydifferentiated cells that produce large quantities ofantibodies.
21. _____ Repeated exposure to thesame antigen eventually leads to immunological exhaustion and lackof immunity, because there is no room for new plasma cells in thebone marrow.
22. _____ Germinal centers arespecialized sites within the bone marrow where Ig genes ofactivated B cells undergo affinity maturation.
23. _____ B cells can present antigensto T helper cells.
24. _____ Co-stimulatory molecules arerequired for efficient generation of memory B cells.
25. _____ Lymphocytes migrate to thelymphoid tissues in response to chemokines.
26. _____ Class switching duringgerminal center reaction is a random process.
27. _____ T cell independent responsescan generate strong and long lasting B cell memory.
28. _____ Fc receptors that arepresent on many different cell types are crucial for removal of thepathogens.
29. _____ The ideal vaccine should bedesigned to mimic the natural course of infection without causingsymptoms of the disease.
30. _____ The protective immunity canbe generated against any pathogen because there is virtuallyunlimited number of possible V regions, thus any antigen can berecognize by an antibody.
True / False Questions
01. _____ Antibody is composed of 2identical long heavy chains and 2 identical shorter lightchains.
02. _____ Variable (V) and constant(C) regions are part of both heavy and light chains.
03. _____ Variable regions for heavyand light chains from the same antibody molecule are alwaysidentical.
04. _____ Variable region of lightchains are encoded by the DNA sequences that contain rearranged V,D, and J segments.
05. _____ Fc part of the antibody isnot important, F(abâ)2 fragment has the same binding andeffector capacity.
06. _____ Fab fragments are generatedby alternative splicing.
07. _____ J chain is used as asurrogate light chain during pre-B cell receptor testing forsuccessful V(D)J rearrangement.
08. _____ Binding of the antigen byantibody is stabilized by disulfide bonds.
09. _____ RAG1/2 are always expressedin B cells at high level, because B cells need RAG1/2 to constantlyrearrange their V regions.
10. _____ âNâ (non template)nucleotides are added by TdT.
11. _____ The 12/23 rule is appliedduring class switching.
12. _____ For B cells, V(D)Jrecombination occurs only in the bone marrow.
13. _____ The process of somatichypermutation helps to improve specificity of the antibody.
14. _____ In late pro-B cells, Vsegment is rearranged with DJ segments.
15. _____ Failure to eliminateself-reactive B cells may lead to serious autoimmune diseases.
16. _____ Mature, naïve B cellsexpress IgD and any of the other classes of antibody (IgM, IgG,IgA, or IgE) on their surfaces.
17. _____ B1 cells are present in theperitoneal cavity, pleural spaces and brain.
18. _____ AID (activation inducedcytidine deaminase) is expressed only in B cells and it canintroduce breaks in double stranded DNA.
19. _____ Different classes (isotypes)of antibodies have different effector functions, which aretriggered by special receptors expressed by a variety of cells.
20. _____ Plasma cells are terminallydifferentiated cells that produce large quantities ofantibodies.
21. _____ Repeated exposure to thesame antigen eventually leads to immunological exhaustion and lackof immunity, because there is no room for new plasma cells in thebone marrow.
22. _____ Germinal centers arespecialized sites within the bone marrow where Ig genes ofactivated B cells undergo affinity maturation.
23. _____ B cells can present antigensto T helper cells.
24. _____ Co-stimulatory molecules arerequired for efficient generation of memory B cells.
25. _____ Lymphocytes migrate to thelymphoid tissues in response to chemokines.
26. _____ Class switching duringgerminal center reaction is a random process.
27. _____ T cell independent responsescan generate strong and long lasting B cell memory.
28. _____ Fc receptors that arepresent on many different cell types are crucial for removal of thepathogens.
29. _____ The ideal vaccine should bedesigned to mimic the natural course of infection without causingsymptoms of the disease.
30. _____ The protective immunity canbe generated against any pathogen because there is virtuallyunlimited number of possible V regions, thus any antigen can berecognize by an antibody.
Related textbook solutions
Related questions
| 1) Which of the following is a component of a vertebrate kidney? (Select all correct choices.) | |||||||||||||||||
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2)
| In organisms, the ability to control osmosis depends on the properties of the plasma membranes of individual cells. Based on their ability to permit the free movement of water and some solutes, these membranes are best described as: (select all correct choices) | |||||||||||||||||
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3)I selected cortex; inner medulla, it was wrong.
| The loops of Henle create a concentration gradient in the interstitial fluid surrounding the loop, with the concentration highest in the ____________ and lowest in the ____________ of the kidney. | |||||||||||||||||
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4)
| The main solutes in the filtrate as it enters the distal convoluted tubule are: (select all correct choices) | |||||||||||||||||
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5) Ensure all correct choices are selected, for this question I only selected osmosis and it was wrong,
| Water moves by: (select all correct choices) | |||||||||||||||||
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6)
| Compared to sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction: (select all correct choices) | |||||||||||
|
7)
| A key difference between hormonal regulation of the reproductive systems of males and females is that: | |||||||||||
|
8)
| True or false: In response to LH and FSH, ovaries secrete estrogen and progesterone. | |||||
|
9)
| During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, if the oocyte is not fertilized, a number of events occur which are listed below. Select the answer that places the events in the correct chronological order. | |||||||||||
|
10)
| If an antibody is missing its Fc fragment, what would happen if this antibody encounters its target antigen in the bloodstream? Select all correct choices. | |||||||||||
|
11)
| If an individual carries a mutation that results in a complete lack of MHC class I proteins, how would the individualâs immune response be affected? Select all correct choices. | |||||||||
|
12)
| Which of the following statements is true regarding T cell receptors? Select all correct choices. | |||||||||||
|
Please briefly explain reasoning for all questions.
1)
| Which of the following is a component of a vertebrate kidney? (Select all correct choices.) | |||||||||||
|
2)
| In organisms, the ability to control osmosis depends on the properties of the plasma membranes of individual cells. Based on their ability to permit the free movement of water and some solutes, these membranes are best described as: (select all correct choices) | |||||||||||
|
3)
| True or false: The inner cell mass of the blastocyst becomes the embryo, while the outer cell layer of the blastocyst forms part of the placenta. | |||||
|
4)
| Which of the following accurately characterizes the early cleavage divisions in most animals, although not necessarily in mammals? | |||||||||||
|
5)
| A key difference between hormonal regulation of the reproductive systems of males and females is that: | |||||||||||
|
6)
| Compared to sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction: (select all correct choices) | |||||||||||
|
7)
| True or false: In response to LH and FSH, ovaries secrete estrogen and progesterone. | |||||
|
8)
| During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, if the oocyte is not fertilized, a number of events occur which are listed below. Select the answer that places the events in the correct chronological order. | |||||||||||
|
9)
| If an antibody is missing its Fc fragment, what would happen if this antibody encounters its target antigen in the bloodstream? Select all correct choices. | |||||||||||
|
10)
| If an individual carries a mutation that results in a complete lack of MHC class I proteins, how would the individualâs immune response be affected? Select all correct choices. | |||||||||
|
11)
| If an individual carries a mutation that results in a complete lack of MHC class I proteins, how would the individualâs immune response be affected? Select all correct choices. | |||||||||
|
12)
| Which of the following statements is true regarding T cell receptors? Select all correct choices. | |||||||||||
|
