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11 Jan 2018

The first sign of cytokinesis in a plant cell is the formation of a __.

In order for a cell to become cancerous, oncogenes must be __ and tumor suppressors __.

An __ is any gene that helps transform a normal cell into a tumor cell.

In humans, cells that produce gametes are collectively called ___.

During what stage of the cell cycle does DNA replicate?

A diploid karyotype is abbreviated by ___.

True or False: Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

The chromosomal designation for a human male is ___.

True or False: Germ cells undergo meiosis.

What is the process by which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material?

Who made the most lasting impression on the science of genetics?

Ture or False: During anaphase duplicate chromosomes split apart.

Alternate forms of the same gene are called ___.

What did Mendel choose for his genetic experiments?

True or False: When Mendel crossed short (tt) pea plants with short (tt) pea plants, the offspring were all short.

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Sixta KovacekLv2
14 Jan 2018
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Related questions

If an organism’s diploid chromosome number is 18, how many different possible combinations of homologous chromosomes lining up during meiosis exist for the eggs or sperm produced by that organism?

A.

512

B.

9

C.

18

D.

128

E.

36

At the end of metaphase I, _______________ separate.

A.

sister chromatids

B.

germ cells

C.

homologous chromosomes

D.

haploid chromatids

E.

centrioles

Mendel observed that dominant traits

A.

are seen in all of the F1 hybrid pea plants in his experiments.

B.

are expressed in all plants.

C.

were absent in the F1 generation of pea plants that he used in his experiments.

D.

were the only traits seen in the F2 generation of pea plants in his experiments.

E.

are only expressed in hybrids.

Cytokinesis in plant cells differs from cytokinesis in animal cells because

A.

there is no difference.

B.

in plant cells, the cell plate must also divide into two parts.

C.

the contractile protein, actin, is important only in plant cells.

D.

plant cells have a rigid cell wall.

E.

a contractile ring forms only in plant cells.

Sickle cell anemia is an example of what type of inheritance?

A.

complete dominance

B.

incomplete dominance

C.

codominance

D.

multiple alleles

E.

recessive dominance

Which of the following statements is true:

A.

The dominant allele is masked in homozygous dominant individuals.

B.

With recessive genetic disorders, if both parents are carriers, the offspring will all be affected.

C.

In carriers, the recessive allele causes an intermediate phenotype.

D.

In recessive genetic disorders, the mother and/or father of an affected individual must also be affected.

E.

With dominant genetic disorders, the mother and/or father of an affected individual must also be affected.

Skin cancers typically develop in the

A.

upper layers of the epidermis.

B.

lower layers of the dermis.

C.

subcutaneous layer.

D.

lower layers of the epidermis.

E.

upper layers of the dermis.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (MD) is inherited from an X-linked recessive allele. What is the probability that a son with Duchenne MD inherited this disease from his biological father?

A.

1/2

B.

0

C.

1/16

D.

1/4

E.

1/8

The genetic makeup of a particular trait in an individual is its

A.

genotype.

B.

heterozygosity.

C.

phenotype.

D.

filial.

E.

dominance.

What structure holds the sister chromatids to the spindle fibers?

A.

chromatin

B.

kinetochore

C.

MPF

D.

centromere

E.

cyclin

If you view a cell in which the genetic material is beginning to be visible as separate bodies, and the nucleus has disappeared from view, you may surmise that the cells is in

A.

telophase.

B.

anaphase.

C.

interphase.

D.

metaphase.

E.

prophase.

Gregor Mendel was successful in his analysis of the genetics of pea plants because

A.

he examined and analyzed both the F1 and F2 generations.

B.

he studied the parental plants to determine their differences.

C.

he decided to only look at his results in an objective manner.

D.

he studied a trait that had a strange inheritance pattern.

E.

pea plants have genetics different from other organisms.

Tall corn plants (T) are dominant to dwarf plants (tt). Solid green leaves (G) are dominant to leaves with a white tip (gg). A cross between two corn plants yielded the following phenotypes: 51 tall plants with a white tip on their leaves; 43 dwarf plants with solid leaves; 48 dwarf plants with white tips on their leaves; 45 tall plants with solid leaves. What are the genotypes of the parents that produced these plants?

A.

None of the above

B.

TtGg x Ttgg

C.

ttGG x TTgg

D.

TtGg x TtGg

E.

TtGg x ttgg

In humans, a gene that has been identified as causing a type of skin cancer is the

A.

superwoman echidna.

B.

mutant superman.

C.

sonic hedgehog.

D.

mutant mole rat.

E.

superhero aardvark.

The segregation principle states that in sexually reproducing diploid organisms the two copies of each gene

A.

segregate from each other during meiosis.

B.

must always be the same allele.

C.

separate from each other during mitosis.

D.

will both wind up in either the sperm or egg.

E.

move together as a unit during meiosis.

In what phases is the genetic material in the cell correctly referred to as chromatids?

A.

metaphase and telophase

B.

anaphase and metaphase

C.

interphase and telophase

D.

interphase and prophase

E.

metaphase and prophase

Consider two traits for an organism, determined by two genes, each of which is governed by at least two alleles. In the case of a dihybrid individual, the gametes formed will be of either the parental type or the recombinant type. Recombinant type gametes are formed because of

A.

the principle of dihybrids.

B.

multiple alleles.

C.

heterozygosity.

D.

incomplete dominance.

E.

independent assortment.

An allele is

A.

an alternate form of a gene.

B.

always recessive.

C.

the main factor determining a trait.

D.

always one of a pair.

E.

the dominant form of a gene.

After the DNA is replicated, and it condenses in prophase, two identical rods of DNA are seen. These are

A.

spindle fibers.

B.

kinetochores.

C.

chromatids.

D.

chromatin.

E.

centromeres.

Special cells found in the gonads that give rise to gametes upon division are called

A.

egg cells.

B.

somatic cells.

C.

germ cells.

D.

stem cells.

E.

basal cells.

Q:

If an organism’s diploid chromosome number is 18, how many different possible combinations of homologous chromosomes lining up during meiosis exist for the eggs or sperm produced by that organism?

A.

512

B.

9

C.

18

D.

128

E.

36

At the end of metaphase I, _______________ separate.

A.

sister chromatids

B.

germ cells

C.

homologous chromosomes

D.

haploid chromatids

E.

centrioles

Mendel observed that dominant traits

A.

are seen in all of the F1 hybrid pea plants in his experiments.

B.

are expressed in all plants.

C.

were absent in the F1 generation of pea plants that he used in his experiments.

D.

were the only traits seen in the F2 generation of pea plants in his experiments.

E.

are only expressed in hybrids.

Cytokinesis in plant cells differs from cytokinesis in animal cells because

A.

there is no difference.

B.

in plant cells, the cell plate must also divide into two parts.

C.

the contractile protein, actin, is important only in plant cells.

D.

plant cells have a rigid cell wall.

E.

a contractile ring forms only in plant cells.

Sickle cell anemia is an example of what type of inheritance?

A.

complete dominance

B.

incomplete dominance

C.

codominance

D.

multiple alleles

E.

recessive dominance

Which of the following statements is true:

A.

The dominant allele is masked in homozygous dominant individuals.

B.

With recessive genetic disorders, if both parents are carriers, the offspring will all be affected.

C.

In carriers, the recessive allele causes an intermediate phenotype.

D.

In recessive genetic disorders, the mother and/or father of an affected individual must also be affected.

E.

With dominant genetic disorders, the mother and/or father of an affected individual must also be affected.

Skin cancers typically develop in the

A.

upper layers of the epidermis.

B.

lower layers of the dermis.

C.

subcutaneous layer.

D.

lower layers of the epidermis.

E.

upper layers of the dermis.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (MD) is inherited from an X-linked recessive allele. What is the probability that a son with Duchenne MD inherited this disease from his biological father?

A.

1/2

B.

0

C.

1/16

D.

1/4

E.

1/8

The genetic makeup of a particular trait in an individual is its

A.

genotype.

B.

heterozygosity.

C.

phenotype.

D.

filial.

E.

dominance.

What structure holds the sister chromatids to the spindle fibers?

A.

chromatin

B.

kinetochore

C.

MPF

D.

centromere

E.

cyclin

If you view a cell in which the genetic material is beginning to be visible as separate bodies, and the nucleus has disappeared from view, you may surmise that the cells is in

A.

telophase.

B.

anaphase.

C.

interphase.

D.

metaphase.

E.

prophase.

Gregor Mendel was successful in his analysis of the genetics of pea plants because

A.

he examined and analyzed both the F1 and F2 generations.

B.

he studied the parental plants to determine their differences.

C.

he decided to only look at his results in an objective manner.

D.

he studied a trait that had a strange inheritance pattern.

E.

pea plants have genetics different from other organisms.

Tall corn plants (T) are dominant to dwarf plants (tt). Solid green leaves (G) are dominant to leaves with a white tip (gg). A cross between two corn plants yielded the following phenotypes: 51 tall plants with a white tip on their leaves; 43 dwarf plants with solid leaves; 48 dwarf plants with white tips on their leaves; 45 tall plants with solid leaves. What are the genotypes of the parents that produced these plants?

A.

None of the above

B.

TtGg x Ttgg

C.

ttGG x TTgg

D.

TtGg x TtGg

E.

TtGg x ttgg

In humans, a gene that has been identified as causing a type of skin cancer is the

A.

superwoman echidna.

B.

mutant superman.

C.

sonic hedgehog.

D.

mutant mole rat.

E.

superhero aardvark.

The segregation principle states that in sexually reproducing diploid organisms the two copies of each gene

A.

segregate from each other during meiosis.

B.

must always be the same allele.

C.

separate from each other during mitosis.

D.

will both wind up in either the sperm or egg.

E.

move together as a unit during meiosis.

In what phases is the genetic material in the cell correctly referred to as chromatids?

A.

metaphase and telophase

B.

anaphase and metaphase

C.

interphase and telophase

D.

interphase and prophase

E.

metaphase and prophase

Consider two traits for an organism, determined by two genes, each of which is governed by at least two alleles. In the case of a dihybrid individual, the gametes formed will be of either the parental type or the recombinant type. Recombinant type gametes are formed because of

A.

the principle of dihybrids.

B.

multiple alleles.

C.

heterozygosity.

D.

incomplete dominance.

E.

independent assortment.

An allele is

A.

an alternate form of a gene.

B.

always recessive.

C.

the main factor determining a trait.

D.

always one of a pair.

E.

the dominant form of a gene.

After the DNA is replicated, and it condenses in prophase, two identical rods of DNA are seen. These are

A.

spindle fibers.

B.

kinetochores.

C.

chromatids.

D.

chromatin.

E.

centromeres.

Special cells found in the gonads that give rise to gametes upon division are called

A.

egg cells.

B.

somatic cells.

C.

germ cells.

D.

stem cells.

E.

basal cells.

· Question 35

0 out of 2 points

Why is it so difficult to design a vaccine against HIV?

· Question 37

0 out of 2 points

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer ?

· Question 39

2 out of 2 points

Cancer could be caused by _________.

· Question 41

0 out of 2 points

Tumor-suppressor genes _____.

· Question 43

0 out of 2 points

The example of a chromosomal rearrangement that resulted in a ligand-independent form of the EGF receptor results in tumor formation. The gene that encodes the EGF receptor would be classified as?

· Question 44

0 out of 2 points

Cancer can arise from (select all that apply):
1 Gain-of-function mutations in tumor suppressors
2 Loss-of-function mutations in tumor suppressors
3 Gain-of-function mutations in oncogenes
4 Loss-of-function mutations in oncogenes
5 Loss-of-function mutations in DNA repair genes

· Question 45

2 out of 2 points

Which statement about the Rb tumor suppressor protein is NOT true?

· Question 46

0 out of 2 points

What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?

· Question 47

0 out of 2 points

Which type of disorder is most difficult to correct by gene therapy?

· Question 48

2 out of 2 points

Gene therapy requires__________.

· Question 49

0 out of 2 points

Plants are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than are animals because_________.

· Question 50

0 out of 2 points

Genetically engineered plants ________.

· Question 51

2 out of 2 points

How old is the earth thought to be based on radiometric measurements?

· Question 52

2 out of 2 points

Different cell organelles differ from each other in terms of their molecular components and structure. For example, lysosomes are packed with digestive enzymes and function in the degradation or turnover of cellular components. How are lysosomes populated with the digestive enzymes?

· Question 53

2 out of 2 points

Animal cells are protected from their environment by a thin plasma membrane. The membrane must be strong to be protective. What holds the plasma membrane together?

· Question 54

0 out of 2 points

Your lungs and respiratory tract are cleared of particles that you breathe in, such as pollen or other air borne particulates, by the waving motion of cilia lining your respiratory tract. What are the underlying subcellular structures or processes that sponsors this movement in cilia?

· Question 55

0 out of 2 points

What are examples of a cellular oxidation reactions?

· Question 56

0 out of 2 points

Enzyme catalyzed reactions

· Question 57

0 out of 2 points

What metabolite is formed in the terminal step of glycolysis that is taken up my mitochondria?

· Question 58

0 out of 2 points

The ultimate electron acceptor in cellular respiration is _______________, while the ultimate electron donor in the light reactions of photosynthesis is ___________________.

· Question 59

0 out of 2 points

According to the chemiosmotic hypothesis, the energy from electron transport in mitochondria

· Question 60

0 out of 2 points

Less energy is derived from the fermentation of glucose than from its breakdown by cellular respiration because there is less free energy difference between glucose and the products of fermentation.

· Question 61

0 out of 2 points

Grocery products list the fat and saturated fat content on most processed foods. Saturated fats are thought to be more of problem to human health than unsaturated fats because saturated fats ………

· Question 62

0 out of 2 points

While wading in swallow seawater, you found a jellyfish, picked it up, rinsed it off and put it in a bucket of tap water. What is likely to happen to cells of the jellyfish?

· Question 63

2 out of 2 points

Glucose is one of the important nutrients in meeting the energy needs for the cells in your body. One means by which glucose is taken up by cells is through facilitated diffusion. In facilitated diffusion, glucose is taken up …

· Question 64

0 out of 2 points

If eukaryotic cells didn’t have internal organelles, how would they likely differ?

· Question 65

2 out of 2 points

What is the relationship between the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the Golgi apparatus?

· Question 66

2 out of 2 points

About how many ribosomes might be found in a typical animal cell?

· Question 67

2 out of 2 points

Some large molecules, such as proteins, are synthesized in the cytoplasm but are required for functions in the nucleus. How do large molecules, such as proteins get into the nucleus?

· Question 68

0 out of 2 points

The free energy change (ΔG) for synthesis of ATP is +7.3 kilocalories/mole and ΔG for the breakdown of glucose is -686 kilocalories/mole. If ~29 ATP molecules are formed from each glucose molecule during cellular respiration, then about how efficient is cell respiration converting the energy from glucose into ATP?

· Question 69

2 out of 2 points

Photosynthesis produces most all the oxygen in the air we breathe. Where does oxygen come from in photosynthesis?

· Question 70

0 out of 2 points

Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble hormones and their cell receptors ….

· Question 71

0 out of 2 points

If not all the nuclear DNA in a cell is synthesized during S phase in the cell cycle, then what is to prevent the cell from dividing?

· Question 72

0 out of 2 points

In what direction are DNA strands synthesized?

· Question 73

0 out of 2 points

Replication of your DNA has to be a very faithful to maintain the integrity of your genome. DNA polymerase inserts an incorrect deoxyribonucleotide every 100, 000 bases.

· Question 74

0 out of 2 points

RNA synthesis and processing differs somewhat between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

· Question 75

0 out of 2 points

Translation in prokaryotes

· Question 76

2 out of 2 points

Which of the following processes are important for normal development?

· Question 77

0 out of 2 points

Within an organism, what makes one cell type different from another?

· Question 78

0 out of 2 points

What makes each insect body segment different from another?

· Question 79

2 out of 2 points

Which of the following molecules, structures or organelles is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?

· Question 80

2 out of 2 points

Which answer below places molecules or subcellular structures in the correct order by size, from smallest to largest?

· Question 81

0 out of 2 points

Which statement is correct concerning stem cells in animals and meristems in plants?

· Question 82

0 out of 2 points

Cell differentiation always involves _____.

· Question 83

0 out of 2 points

Which of the following statements about the DNA in one of your brain cells is true?

· Question 84

0 out of 2 points

Which of the following properties describes the importance of epithelia in maintaining homeostasis?

· Question 85

0 out of 2 points

Which of the following most accurately describe the concept of “pattern formation” during embryogenesis?

· Question 86

0 out of 2 points

Based on the figure above, showing hemoglobin saturation curves under (A) normal CO2 and (B) elevated CO2 concentrations, which of the following conclusions is true?

· Question 87

0 out of 2 points

Which of the following does NOT require hemoglobin to deliver oxygen to the tissues.

· Question 88

0 out of 2 points

Circulatory systems compensate for _____.

· Question 89

0 out of 2 points

Which observation is evidence for genetic equivalence in plants or animals?

· Question 90

0 out of 2 points

What is the relationship between the endosperm of corn and the cotyledons of beans?

· Question 91

0 out of 2 points

Which factor contributes to driving the flow of water through xylem?

· Question 92

0 out of 2 points

According to the pressure-flow hypothesis of phloem transport, _____.

· Question 93

0 out of 2 points

A bicoid
loss-of-function mutant lacks a head while injection of normal Bicoid+
mRNA into the posterior end of an oocyte produces embryos with 2 heads. This indicates that the normal Bicoid+ gene function is

· Question 94

2 out of 2 points

A molecule that during development provides positional information via a concentration gradient is known as a

· Question 95

0 out of 2 points

An advantage of asexual reproduction is that it _____.

· Question 96

2 out of 2 points

An advantage of cross-pollination is that _____.

· Question 97

0 out of 2 points

When a mammalian embryo implants into the uterine wall, the embryo produces chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone, which

· Question 98

0 out of 2 points

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of events for sexual reproduction in most vertebrates?

· Question 99

0 out of 2 points

Embryonic stem cells have advantages for research and possible therapeutic applications because

· Question 100

0 out of 2 points

Plant development is different from animals because plant development

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