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22 Jan 2018

11

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11

Acetyl CoA is the beginning of a metabolic pathway that produces most of the NADH and FADH for ATP production. When you starve, which of the following will produce the most Acetyl CoA?

A

Protein, carbohydrates, and lipid metabolism all produce the same amount

B

Free Oxygen radicals

C

Protein metabolism

D

Lipid metabolism

E

Carbohydrate metabolism

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12

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12

Which of the following occurs when oxyhemoglobin reaches the capillaries of heart muscle?

A

Absorbs oxygen from the mitochondria

B

Releases oxygen which leaves the capillary and diffuses into the cell

C

Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the capillary to the nucleus

D

Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the mitochondria to the capillary

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13

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13

The drug, cannabis, which is produced by the marijuana plant, is a byproduct of which reaction?

A

Dark reaction

B

Light reaction

C

Oxidative phosphorylation of plants

D

Glycolysis in plants

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14

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14

All of the following are true about bile EXCEPT:

A

It acts as an emulsifying agent for lipids and it is synthesized in the liver

B

It disperses globs of fat in the chyme into microscopic particles

C

It acts as an emulsifying agent on carbohydrates and is synthesized in the gall bladder

D

It exposes the large surface area of lipids to lipase

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15

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15

The carbon-nitrogen bond that connects amino acids together in a protein is referred to as which of the following?

A

Peptide bond

B

Covalent bond

C

Ionic bond

D

Octet bond

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16

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16

Dr. Monroe wants to prevent Priscilla, the chair of biology, from digesting carbohydrates. Which organ should she remove from Priscilla that produces the enzymes needed for carbohydrate digestion?

A

Small intestine

B

Liver

C

Pancreas

D

Large intestine

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QuestionGroup: #17 Lipids

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17

All of the following are true about the liver EXCEPT:

A

It receives all the blood from the intestinal system by way of the portal circulation.

B

It produces iron directly with no need for having a food substrate

C

It stores fats and carbohydrates for energy.

D

It regulates blood glucose levels and synthesis of blood proteins

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QuestionGroup: #18 DNA

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18

This molecule controls the production of enzymes in animal cells.

A

It is DNA, a nucleotide that resides in the nucleus of cells

B

It is RNA, the ancestor to DNA

C

It is a protein

D

It is DNA, a carbohydrate

E

It is DNA, a nucleotide which resides in the cytoplasm of the cell

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QuestionGroup: #19 DNA2

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19

Which of the following represents the proper sequence for the "central dogma"?

A

RNA to Protein to DNA

B

RNA to DNA to Protein

C

DNA to RNA to Protein

D

Protein to RNA to DNA

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QuestionGroup: #20 Gene expression

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20

How many different kind of amino acids are necessary for mRNA to make proteins in humans?

A

Bogus question since mRNA does not use amino acids to make protein.

B

Bogus question since mRNA does not use amino acids to make protein rather it is the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

C

20

D

10

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Related questions

Acetyl CoA is the beginning of a metabolic pathway that produces most of the NADH and FADH for ATP production. When you starve, which of the following will produce the most Acetyl CoA?

A

Protein, carbohydrates, and lipid metabolism all produce the same amount

B

Free Oxygen radicals

C

Protein metabolism

D

Lipid metabolism

1

Living systems can be studied by way of the scientific method which involves which of the following?

A

Using only deductive reasoning and not inductive reasoning

B

Using few subjects, but repeating the experiments and using controls

C

Using few subjects, but repeating the experiments

D

Using many subjects, but doing no statistical analysis

E

Using many subjects but having no controls

2

Which of the following molecules has the least amount of energy that you can use for intense physical exercise?

A

A chemically specifically designed to signal uncontrolled cell growth

B

Water since it promotes all chemical reactions

C

Lipids

D

Carbohydrates

E

Protein

3

Nicotine produced in plants can be lethal to insects in that it causes a paralysis. Where does nicotine have its effect?

A

Nicotine receptors located in the nucleus of the cell

B

Nicotine receptors on the plasma membrane of brain cells

C

Nicotine receptors in the golgi bodies of neurons

D

Nicotine receptors on the mitochondria of brain cells

4

The aqueous (water) space between cells is which of the following?

A

Blood

B

Interstitial

C

Extracellular

D

Intracellular

E

All of these answers are correct

5

A hypo-osmotic solution can be defined as which of the following?

A

A solution separated from another by way of semipermeable membrane in which the hyposmotic solution has less electrolyes and more water than the other solution

B

A solution separated from another by way of semipermeable membrane in which the hyperosmotic solution has less electrolyes and more water than the other solution

C

A solution that is equal in concentration compared to another

D

A solution that is less concentrated relative to another

E

A solution that is more concentrated relative to another

6

Lactic acid in your muscles is the byproduct of which metabolic pathway?

A

Glycolysis

B

Electron Transport System

C

Krebs cycle

D

Glycolysis and oxygen

7

Which of the following best describes the process of glycolysis?

A

A series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria that breakdown or catabolize glucose to produce ATP without oxygen

B

A series of chemical reactions that breakdown or catabolize protein to produce lactic acid in the presence of oxygen

C

A series of chemical reactions in the muscle cytoplasm that breaksdown or catabolize glucose to produce ATP without oxygen

D

A series of chemical reactions that produce enzymes

8

During oxidative phosphorylation, which of the following is phosphorylated with the assistance of ATP synthase?

A

Cytochromes

B

ADP

C

ATP

D

NADH

E

Hydrogen ions

9

In all animals who use oxidative phorphorylation to generate ATP, the ultimate electron acceptor is directly transported to all cells by way of which of the following?

A

Hemoglobin

B

Red blood cells

C

Water (H2O)

D

Lungs

10

After NADH is reduced at the Electron Transport system, the hydrogen ion subsequently does which of the following?

A

Activates ATPsynthase

B

Activates Krebs cycle

C

Activates chemiosmosis

D

Oxidizes ATP

E

Reduces ATP

11

Which of the following has to exist for ATP synthase to be activated to directly produce ATP?

A

An oxygen gradient

B

A neutron gradient

C

An electron gradient

D

A proton gradient

E

All of these answers are correct

12

Which of the following occurs when oxyhemoglobin reaches the capillaries of heart muscle?

A

Releases oxygen which leaves the capillary and diffuses into the cell

B

Absorbs oxygen from the mitochondria

C

Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the mitochondria to the capillary

D

Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the capillary to the nucleus

_____What is added to a molecule such as ADP when it is phosphorylated?

_____ An anaerobic process in which pyruvate is converted to lactate

_____ A biochemical process that breaks down food molecules to produce other molecules for cellular maintenance.

_____What is the final end product of Glycolysis?

_____ Refers to the potential energy provided by a large hydrogen-cation concentration gradient, and it’s movement across a biological membrane during chemiosmosis.

_____ A molecule that transfers or shuttles electrons during redox reactions.

_____ An organism that can survive in the presence or absence of oxygen.

_____ A type of enzyme that teams with NAD+ to remove hydrogen atoms with their electrons.

_____ The loss of electrons from one molecule to another.

_____ A process in which ATP is produced using the energy stored in concentration gradients.

_____ The products produced during a biochemical reaction that fall between the starting molecule and the end product.

_____ Biochemical process in which a glucose molecule is degraded to two pyruvates.

_____ Short for “reduction/oxidation” reactions

_____How many pyruvate molecules are produced from a single Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?

_____ The formation of ATP occurring when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic molecule to ADP.

_____ Organisms that will die in the presence of oxygen.

_____ A term referring to the presence of oxygen.

_____ A series of electron-carrier molecules that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.

_____ A biochemical process in which pyruvate is produced without the presence of oxygen.

20._____ The metabolic cycle that is fueled by Acetyl CoEnzyme A; occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and supplies most of the NADH molecules that carry energy to the electron transport chain.

_____What is the chemical formula for Cellular Respiration?

_____What environmental condition is necessary for Anaerobic Respiration to occur?

_____Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur in the mitochondria?

_____Where does Glycolysis occur in a cell?

_____ An anaerobic process in which CO2 is released as a byproduct and ethanol is produced as a product.

_____Where does the Krebs cycle occur in the mitochondria?

_____ The gain of electrons from one molecule to another.

_____ A high-energy fuel molecule that begins the Citric Acid Cycle.

_____What condition is necessary of Aerobic Respiration to occur?

_____ A term referring to the absence of oxygen.

_____What compound is derived from B vitamins, and helps the Acetyl portion of Acetyl CoA into the Krebs Cycle?

_____What is the name of the molecule that channels protons, providing the energy necessary to phosphorylate ADP to ATP?

_____In the blank, write the number of ATP’s that can be synthesized from 3 NADH molecules.

_____In the blank, write the number of ATP’s that can be synthesized from a single FADH2 molecule.

_____What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?

_____What molecule is regenerated during the process of the Krebs Cycle?

_____What enzyme is used to catalyzed the reaction that occurs during the formation of Acetyl CoA?

_____How many pyruvates are produced from a single glucose molecule?

_____How many Acetyl CoA molecules are produced from a single glucose molecule?

_____What is the reduced form of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide?

_____What is the oxidized form of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide?

42._____ A membrane protein that is used in conjunction with chemiosmosis to produced ATP.

I know that this alot of questions, but it's kinda a last ditch effort. these are the last 42 definitions i have left to answer out of 500 question for my final exam study guide. so whatever help i can get is fine. No explanations needed just what each definition is explaining and thanks in advance ladies and gentlemen.

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