Reproduction: Explain why asexually reproducing organisms are generally found in environments that do not change very much through time, while sexually reproducing organisms are very successful in environments that change dramatically through time.

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Beverley SmithLv2

9 Oct 2018

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Evolution is an accepted biological process that remains poorlyunderstood by the wider public. A source of this confusion is amisunderstanding of the very mechanism that drives evolution ofpopulations over time.

a. What is the basic mechanism of evolution and how does itoccur?

b. Why would you expect to see a greater resilience and alsopotential change in sexually reproducing organisms compared toasexually producing ones?

c. What are two selection patterns? Give scenarios to explaineach?

d. What are the two types of evolution and how could we measureeach?

e. What are four factors that can lead to speciation?

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John Endler studied color patterns in guppies that are found in streams in the tropical forests of Venezuela. He noticed that males and females were sexually dimorphic, with males displaying numerous bright spots and other colorations, while females were typically drab in color. However, in natural populations there is considerable variation in the brightness of male coloration, with males in some populations being very bright and males in other populations being less brightly colored. Endler did a series of experimental studies in natural and artificial environments, where he varied predation pressure by either introducing, or excluding guppy predators. He found that male guppies from high predation environments became less brightly colored over the course of several generations, while males in low predation environments became more brightly colored. Please explain these results.