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23 Jul 2019

Match each description or phrase with the correct cytoskeletal structure. Note that a cell type can be used more than once or not at all.

cellular contractions

intermediate filaments All cytoskeletal structures microtubule microfilaments None of these

flagellum movement

intermediate filaments All cytoskeletal structures microtubule microfilaments None of these

anchoring one cell to another

intermediate filaments All cytoskeletal structures microtubule microfilaments None of these

maintain cell shape

intermediate filaments All cytoskeletal structures microtubule microfilaments None of these

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Lelia LubowitzLv2

25 Jul 2019

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Related questions

1. How does the extracellular matrix affect a cell that it surrounds? (Select all that apply.)

	The cell's shape depends in part on the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix.
	The genes that the cell expresses depend in part on the types of proteins in the extracellular matrix.
	The size that the cell grows to depends in part on the polysaccharides in the extracellular matrix.
	The extracellular matrix has no effect on the cells that it surrounds.
	All of these choices are correct.

2. Which of the following enable(s) the movement of cells?

	microtubules
	microfilaments
	intermediate filaments
	microtubules and microfilaments
	microfilaments and intermediate filaments

3. Microtubules increase in length:

	more quickly at one end than the other.
	by growing outward from the centrosome.
	in cycles, following rapid depolymerization.
	if free tubulin dimers are available.
	All of these choices are correct.

4. Dynamic instability is the rapid assembly and disassembly of:

	microfilaments.
	intermediate filaments.
	microtubules.
	both microfilaments and microtubules.

5. Which one of the following is a characteristic shared by integrins and cadherins?

	Both are peripheral membrane proteins.
	Both facilitate the adhesion of cells to extracellular matrix proteins.
	Both are present in adherens junctions, desmosomes, and hemidesmosomes.
	The cytoplasmic domains of both proteins are connected to the cytoskeleton.

6. Cadherin is an example of a(n):

	motor protein.
	intermediate filament protein.
	cell adhesion molecule.
	extracellular matrix protein.

7. Which is the CORRECT order from lesser to greater complexity for the following?

	organs, tissues, cells
	cells, tissues, organs
	tissues, organs, cells
	cells, organs, tissues

pucebear535

In not more than three paragraphs, describe the process of mitosis (beginning after DNA replication) with special emphasis on the roles of intermediate filaments, actin filaments, microtubules and microtubule motor proteins. (microtubulues spindle findles, motor proteins, interpolar, intermediate filaments in terms of mitosis and miosis; nuclear lamina phosphorylation despjosphorolation; actin and myosin only in cytokinesis) description of each stages

Compare and contrast the mechanism and complexity of two different forms of cellular movement: flagellar movement and crawling. Please give one or two examples of the importance of each type of movement. ( flagella microtubule based movement, cell crawlin actin gelsolin siglnaling, phospholipid pathway, extension adhesion traslocation (4 steps)

A eukaryotic mutant (with only one mutation) exhibits flagellar regeneration, but only to a length that is one third that of wild type, even after monitoring the flagellar length for one full cell cycle. List three possible causes of the observed defect in flagellar regeneration and explain each answer.

(go through 3 possible defects that would give you that result, flagella regeneration power point, transcription inhibition half way flagella, etc.

1. Kinesin-1 motors can move long distances on microtubule tracks without dissociating. By contrast, myosin II motors in skeletal muscle take only one or a few steps before letting go. What is most likely the difference between these two motors that allow two different types of movement?

A. Differences in length of the stalk of each respective motor allow for differences in step size

B. Differences in ATP versus GTP hydrolysis alter the motor head movement along filaments

C. Actin filaments are smaller in diameter and have less space for movement

D. Binding affinity of the Kinesin-1 motor head to microtubules is high, whereas binding affinity of the myosin II motor head to actin filaments is low

E. Microtubules are larger in diameter and have more space for movement

2. Dynamic instability causes microtubules either to grow or to shrink rapidly. What is the most likely reason for a microtubule to undergo rapid growth?

A. GTP hydrolysis exceeds the rate of heterodimer addition

B. GTP hydrolysis of alpha tubulin causes an outward bend in the heterodimer conformation

C. A low concentration of tubulin heterodimers are in solution

D. Heterodimer addition exceeds the rate of GTP hydrolysis

E. Increased trafficking of microtubule motor proteins favors stability

3. There are no known motor proteins that move on intermediate filaments (IFs). What property of intermediate filaments would most likely explain the lack of motor proteins?

A. Tissue specific expression of IFs prevent a single type of motor protein to evolve over time

B. Lateral bundling of IFs prevent motor movement

C. IFs are less dynamic than microtubules and actin filaments

D. IFs are unpolarized

E. IFs do not bind a nucleotide

4. You discover a mutation that results in less rapid hydrolysis of GTP by the beta-tubulin subunit. What would most likely occur?

A. There would be no change in filament assembly

B. There would be enhanced instability of the microtubule

C. There would be enhanced stability of the microtubule

D. Microtubules would not form

E. There would be enhanced treadmilling

5. Which of the following statements describes common features of cadherins and integrins?

A. They can link to microtubules using specific adapter proteins

B. They mediate heterophillic interactions

C. They achieve high binding affinity through clustering

D. They are responsible for interactions of a cell with the extracellular matrix

E. They are found in the apical plasma membrane of an epithelial cell

6. Intermediate filaments are uniquely non-polar and built by lateral bundling in five steps: 1) synthesis of an alpha-helical monomer, 2) formation of a coiled-coil dimer, 3) formation of a staggered tetramer of two coiled-coil dimers, 4) lateral association of 8 tetramers, and 5) addition of 8 tetramers to a growing filament. At what step is polarity lost?

A. Step 1

B. Step 2

C. Step 3

D. Step 4

E. Step 5

7. Collagenase is an enzyme that breaks peptide bonds in collagen to help destroy extracellular structures. What would be the most likely reason to use collagenase in a cell biology laboratory?

A. Disrupt cadherin interaction with the extracellular matrix

B. Disrupt cell-cell contacts to passage cells in cell culture

C. Dissociate epithelial cells from the underlying basement membrane to separate tissues

D. All of the answers are likely uses for collagenase

E. Lyse cells to expose intracellular proteins and organelles