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Part A) The third law of thermodynamics relates the entropy (randomness) of matter to its absolute temperature. Which of the following statements are in agreement with the third law of thermodynamics? 1.In a gaseous state, the entropy of the system is zero. 2. At the melting point, the entropy of a system increases abruptly as the compound transforms into a liquid. 3.At zero degrees kelvin, substances maximize entropy. 4.At absolute zero, the interatomic distance within a crystal is minimized. 5.In a crystalline state, there is a tendency to minimize entropy. 6.As the temperature of a perfect crystal increases, the random vibrations of the molecules decrease. Part B) Calculate the standard-state entropy for the following reaction: 6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l) ⟶ 1 C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g) (If applicable, coefficients of one have been included for clarity.) The standard entropy values are given in the table. Formula S∘ J/(K⋠mol) C6H12O6(s) 212, O2(g) 205, CO2(g) 214, H2O(l) 189

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Hubert Koch
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16 Nov 2019

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Related questions

DearChegg Lifesaver. Here are the requirements:

1.Use given values as stated in questions below.

2.Clearly State Answer

3.(Please) LEAVE A COMMENT if you are currently working on anyproblems.

4.Formany of these problems you will need to use tabulated thermodynamicdata. Use the Information provided after problem 17.



---------------------------------------Questions---------------------------------------------------



1.Write a balanced formation equation for HNO3 at standardconditions. For the answer, enter the sum all of the coefficientsin the balanced equation. (If thisis not an integer, enter it as a decimal, not a fraction.)


2.Calculate ?H° for the following reaction:

SiO2(s)+ 4HF(g) ? SiF4(g) + 2H2O(g)


3.Use heat of formation data to determine ?H° for the reaction:

2NH3(g)? N2(g) + 3H2(g)


4.Calculate the mass of methane that must be burned to provide enoughheat to convert 330.0 g of water at 37.0°C into steam at 124.0°C.(Assume that the H2Oproduced in the combustion reaction is steam rather than liquidwater.)


5.Acetylene burns in air according to the following equation:

C2H2(g)+ 5/2 O2(g) ? 2 CO2(g) + H2O(g)

with?H° = -1255.8 kJ.

Giventhat ?Hf° for CO2(g) = -393.5 kJ/mol and ?Hf° for H2O(g) is -241.8kJ/mol, what is ?Hf° for C2H2(g)?






6.Given the following data:

HNO3(l)? 1/2N2(g) + 3/2O2(g) + 1/2H2(g) ?H° = 174.1 kJ

2N2O5(g)? 2N2(g) + 5O2(g) ?H° = -28.4 kJ

H2O(l)? H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) ?H° = 285.8 kJ


Calculate?H° for the reaction:

2HNO3(l)? N2O5(g) + H2O(l)

Notethat you should be able to answer this one without needing to useany additional information from the thermo table.


7.Hydrocarbons containing halogens are very useful molecules insynthetic chemistry. Use tabulated thermodynamic data as needed tocalculate ?Hf° for the reactionproduct in the equation shown below if ?H° for the reaction is-177.66 kJ.

C2H4(g)+ Cl2(g) ? CH2ClCH2Cl(g)



8.Identify the following statements as true or false. (Use thedrop-down menu and select "True" or "False" for each. You must getall 6 correct.)

Allsystems become more disordered spontaneously.

Both?Ssys and ?Ssurr must equal zero at equilibrium.

Theentropy of the universe is constant; the energy of the universedecreases towards a minimum.

Allspontaneous processes release heat.

Ifa reaction is spontaneous, the reverse reaction is non-spontaneous.

Ifa process decreases the randomness of the particles of a system,the entropy of the system increases.


9.Use tabulated thermodynamic data to calculate ?S° for the reaction:

PbO2(s)+ 2Ni(s) ? Pb(s) + 2NiO(s)



10.Calculate ?S° for the combustion of ethane (C2H6) to form carbondioxide and gaseous water.



11.Urea ((NH2)2CO) can be formed from ammonia and carbon dioxide asshown in the following reaction. The ?H° value for this synthesisis -134.0 kJ. Calculatethe ?H°f for urea.

2NH3(g)+ CO2(g) ? (NH2)2CO(s) + H2O(l)


12.The ?S° value for urea the synthesis reaction above is -424.0 J/K.Calculate S° for urea.

Tries0/99


13.Calculate ?G° for the synthesis of urea under standard conditions(298 K and 1 atm).

Tries0/99


14.Compute the standard free energy change for the following reaction.

O3(g)+ NO(g) ? NO2(g) + O2(g)

Tries0/99


15.The most important commercial process for generating hydrogen gasis the water-gas shift reaction:

CH4(g)+ H2O(g) ? CO(g) + 3H2(g)

Usetabulated thermodynamic data to find ?G° for this reaction at thestandard temperature of 25°C.


16.Now calculate ?G°1100 for this process when it occurs at 1100 K.


17.The molar enthalpy of fusion (?H°) of fluorine is 0.260 kJ/mol, andthe molar entropy of fusion (?S°) of fluorine is 4.851 J/mol K.Using this information,estimate the freezing point of fluorine. (You must answer inKelvin.)

1. Calculate the standard change in free energy ?G? (kJ) at 298 K for the reaction C2H4(G)+3o2(G) --> 2CO2(G)+2H2O(G)

a -1310 b. +1180 c. -691 d. +1310 e. -1180

2. The value of E?cell for the reaction 2Cr3+(aq)+6Hg(l) --> 2Cr(s)+3Hg22+(aq) is 1.59 V. Calculate the ?G? (kJ) for the reaction.

a. -921 b. -153 c. -767 d. -460 e. -307

3. What is the value of the equilibrium constant for the cell reaction below at 25 deg C? E?cell­=0.61V 2Cr(s)+3Pb2+(aq) <---> 3Pb(s)+2Cr3+(aq)

a. 8.2*10^30 b. 6.7*10^61 c. 9.9*10^99 d. 4.1*10^20 e. 3.3*10^51

4. Which one of the following is not a redox reaction?

a. Na6FeCl8(s)+2Na(l) ---> 8NaCl(s)+Fe(s)

b. Al(OH)3 (aq)+3H+ ---> Al3+(aq)+3H2O(l)

c. CuCl2(aq)+Ni(s) ---> Cu(s)+NiCl2(aq)

d. C6H12O6(s)+6O2(g) ---> 6CO2+6H2O(l)

e. CO­2(g)+H2(g) ---> CO(g)+ H2O(g)­­­­­­­­

5. A voltaic cell consists of a Zn/ZN2+ electrode and a Fe/Fe2+ electrode. If [ZN2+] = 0.005M and if [Fe2+] = .0500 M , what is Ecell?

a. .76 b. 0.25 c. 0.45 d. 0.31 e. 0.37

6. The formation constant for the reaction Ag+ (aq)+2NH3(aq) <----> Ag(NH3)2+(aq) is K=1.7*107 at 25 deg C. What is the ?G?(kJ/mol) at this temperature?

a. -23 b. -18 c. -3.5 d. -1.5 e. -41

7. Nitric oxide reacts with chlorine to form NOCL. What is the free energy (kJ) of the reaction at 277 deg C?

a. +144 b.. -41.0 c. -10.3 d. -22.2 e. +41.0

8. Estimate the boiling point (deg C) of phosphoric Acid.

H3PO4(s) <----> H­3PO4(l)

?H?f kJ/mol -1279 - -127.17

?G?f kJ/mol -1119 - 1123.6

?S?f J/(k mol) 110.5 - 150.8

a. 42 b. 181 c. 315 d. -92 e. 305

9. Calculate the equilibrium constant, K, for the following reaction at 25?C:

CH4(g)+2H2O(g) <---> Ã CO2(g)+4H2(g) ?G?= -113.6 kJ (please show ICE chart and explain process)

a. 8.2x1019 b. 0.58 c. 0.96 d. 1.4x10-46 e. 1.2x10-20

10. Which of the following results in a decrease in the entropy of the system?

a. O2(g), 300K --> O2(g), 400K b. H2O(s) --> H2O(l) c. N2(g) --> N2(aq) d. NH3(l) --> NH3(g)

e. 2H2O2(g) ---> 2H2O(g)+O2(g)

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