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Textbook Expert
Textbook ExpertVerified Tutor
8 Nov 2021

Background and context

A forest is structured into 5 layers:

  • Canopy refers to the continuous covering of leaves of tall trees that cover the forest floor. 
  • Understory refers to the trees that grow below the canopy. The trees are smaller and only grow tall if a gap is created by the death of a canopy tree. 
  • The shrub layer is below the understory trees and consists of mainly shrubs and bushes.
  • The Herb layer refers to the vegetation below the shrub layer and consists of herbs and grasses.
  • The Forest Floor is the ground below the last layer of vegetation. Lichens and mosses grow here. Large animals, insects, worms, and decomposers are present on the forest floor.

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