8) [4 pts] An astronaut is on a 'space-walk' and working outside of the International Space Station (ISS) in low-Earth orbit. She drops a tool. Will it fall to Earth? Explain why or why not.

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Jamar FerryLv2

17 Nov 2018

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The figure below shows a picture of American astronaut Clay Anderson experiencing weightlessness onboard the International Space Station.

(a) Most people have the misconception that a person in a spacecraft is weightless because he or she is no longer affected by gravity. Show that this premise cannot be true by computing the gravitational field of the Earth at an altitude of 200 km, the typical altitude of a spacecraft in orbit. Compare this result with the gravitational field on the surface of the Earth.

(b) Why would astronauts in orbit experience weightlessness even if they are experiencing a gravitational field (and therefore a gravitational force)?

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13.62. (a) Calculate how much work is required to launch a spacecraft of mass m from the surface of the earth (mass me, radius RE) and place it in a circular low earth orbit—that is, an orbit whose altitude above the earth's surface is much less than RE: (As an example, the International Space Station is in low earth orbit at an altitude of about 400 km, much less than RE = 6370 km.) Ignore the kinetic energy that the spacecraft has on the ground due to the earth's rotation. (b) Calculate the minimum amount of additional work required to move the space- craft from low earth orbit to a very great distance from the earth. Ignore the gravitational effects of the sun, the moon, and the other planets. (C) Justify the statement "In terms of energy, low earth orbit is halfway to the edge of the universe."

6) [4 pts) An astronaut is in "weightless" conditions in a circular low-Earth orbit a few hundred kilometers above the Earth's surface. Draw a free-body diagram of the astronaut, and label all the forces acting on her.