BIOLOGY 151 Lecture Notes - Cytosol, Neural Pathway, Phosphorylation
Document Summary
Distance signaling is accomplished by the synthesis. Two broad categories of hormones: steroid based (fat/lipid soluble/vitamin d, protein based (water soluble) This signal must penetrate or somehow be transferred across the cell membrane. Cell membranes are made up of a lipid bilayer. Lipid bilayers are made up of two major components : phospholipids (phosphate groups/glycerol, proteins. Phosphate groups - (two or three) negative charges/very polar. Glycoproteins identification of friend vs. foe. This all occurs in an aqueous solution (polar) Protein can be strictly outside the cell, inside the cell or can be located through the cell. Lipid soluble (able to move through the cell: arrival of signal at lipid bilayer, signal reception receptor in cytosol binds hormone, direct signal response at the nucleus. Lipid-insoluble (on the outside of the cell: signal reception receptor protein in membrane comes us to bilayer/intracellular signal and is transduced, signal transduction signal comes from central nervous system, signal amplification, signal response in nucleus.
