BIOL240 Study Guide - Final Guide: Replica Plating, Ampicillin, Cell Nucleus
1 Dec 2012
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Mutation = heritable change in the base sequence of that genome: mutation brings a very small amount of genetic change in a cell, genetic recombination typically generates much larger changes. Mutation and genetic recombination fuel the evolutionary process. Prokaryotes do not reproduce sexually (use other mechanisms for genetic exchange) In all cells (except viruses), genome consists of double-stranded dna: virus can be single or double-stranded dna or rna. Mutant = a strain of any cell/virus carrying a change in nucleotide sequence: differs from parent in genotype, can also have a mutant phenotype (observable properties) Genotype = designated by 3 lowercase letters followed by a capital letter: ex. hisc gene of e. coli. Phenotype = designed by a capital letter followed by 2 lowercase letters: has a + or superscript to indicate the presence or absence of that property, ex. His+ strain = can make histidine, his- strain = cannot make histidine.
