Biology 1201A Chapter Notes -Zygosity, Electrophoresis, Heritability

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Contributors: lyell"s principle of geology book, malthus"s essay on the principles of population. Artificial selection: selective breeding of animals/plants to ensure that certain desirable traits appear at higher frequency in successive generations. Natural selection: evolutionary process by which alleles that increase the likelihood of survival and the reproduction output of the individuals that carry them become more common in subsequent generations. On the origins of species: descent w/ modification. Evolutionary alteration and diversification of ancestral species. Phenotypic variation: differences in appearance/function that if based on heritability are passed from generation to generation, possibilities. Only genetically based variation is subject to evolutionary change: quantitative variation. E. g. mass, toe length of students in biology. Broad, low curve a lot of variation. High, narrow little variation: mean. Average value of character: qualitative variation. 2 or more discrete states, no intermediate form. E. g. geese are either blue or white: polymorphism. E. g. type a, b, ab, o, number of stripes, background colour.

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