BIOL208 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Genetic Drift, Ecological Niche, Speciation

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Evolution is the change in allelic frequency within a population over time. Genetic drift is the number one cause of evolution. Fitness landscapes illustrate that natural selection does not optimize. In fat, it favors higher fitness over other aspects. Founder effect the movement of a small number of individuals into a new area. It results in a decreased level of heterozygosity. There are stabilizing, directional, and disruptive forms of selection. An ecocline is genetic in basis and occurs in a gradient. An ecotype may or may not be genetic. Biological species concept a species is a group of reproductively isolates organisms. It is only accurate with regards to vertebrates. Phylogenetic species concept based on the pattern of history, it uses evolutionary past to determine species. The problem is that it is completely arbitrary and not testable. There is no correct definition of a species. Mechanisms of isolation include ecological, temporal, behavioral, mechanical, hybrid inviability, and hybrid sterility.

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