PSYCH253 Chapter Notes -Illusory Correlation, Clinical Psychology, Explanatory Style

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Clinical psychology: the study, assessment, and treatment of people with psychological difficulties. Clinical judgements are also social judgements, and thus vulnerable to illusory correlation, overconfidence bred by hindsight, and self-confirming diagnoses. Illusory correlation: if a person expected a particular association they generally perceived it, regardless of whether the data was supportive. Believing that a relationship existed between two things, people are more likely to notice confirming instances. Professional clinicians are frequently the victims of illusory correlation. Are too readily convinced of their own after-the-fact-analyses. Often failed to appreciate that erroneous diagnoses can be self-confirming. Often overestimate the predictive powers of their clinical intuition. Depressive realism: the tendency of mildly depressed people to make accurate rather than self-serving judgements, attributions, and predictions. Explanatory style: one"s habitual way of explaining life events. A negative, pessimistic, depressed explanatory style attributes failures to stable, global and internal causes. A bad mood can darken our thinking, a happy mood makes us think happy.

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