PSY 2114 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Social Cognitive Theory, Gender Role, Sexual Differentiation

• School: University of Ottawa
• Department: Psychology
• Course: PSY 2114
• Professor: Gustavo Gottret

Document Summary

At this point, children feel afraid of being found out, but also begin to hear the inner voice of self-observation, self-guidance, and self-punishment. Their initiative may bring them rewards, as well as punishment. Widespread disappointment at this stage may lead to feelings of guilt that lowers the child"s self esteem. According to erikson, the psychosocial stage that characterizes early childhood is initiative versus guilt. Involves the representation of self, the substance and content of self-conceptions. Self-understanding provides the rational underpinnings to our personal identity. Early self-understanding involves self-recognition; young children think that the self can be described by many material characteristics (i. e. : size, shape, and color) and distinguish themselves from others through many physical and material attributes. In sum, in early childhood, children often describe themselves in terms of body image, material possessions, and physical activities. During early childhood, young children"s theory of mind includes understanding that other people have emotions and desires.