Biology 2601A/B Lecture Notes - Allometry, Sarcomere, Myocyte
15 Jan 2013
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And in addition to running, animals exert all kinds of forces on the environment such as in swimming, flying, jumping, and in pushing and punching. Equations to consider for maximum forces in animals: Fin = s x (a x sin 2 ) An increase in body mass (bigger) produces greater force. In lever mechanics, greater mechanical advantage is demonstrated (a greater load can be lifted) if the lever is longer on the side that is doing the lifting. An increase in mechanical advantage allows you more force (mostly observed in vertebrates in terms of biting). Because there is a relative loss of force as body mass increases and surface area decreases (forces scales to a and doubling cross-sectional area increases f). Maximum forces are proportional to 2/3 of body mass. Certain constraints operate upon forces in the animal kingdom that crabs are somehow able to overcome e. g. nipping point in crabs.
