HPRO 3250 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Saturated Fat, Kwashiorkor, Antibody

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purplegoat637

16 Jan 2013

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Proteins are critical components of all tissues of the human body. Like carbohydrates and fats, they contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Unlike the other macronutrients, they contain nitrogen and their structure is dictated by dna. The building blocks of proteins are amino acids. The amine group of the amino acid contains nitrogen. The portion of the amino acid that changes, giving each amino acid its distinct identity, is the same chain. The body cannot make essential amino acids so we must obtain them from our diet. Our body can make non-essential amino acids from parts of other amino acids, carbohydrates and fats. Genes regulate the amino acid sequence, and thus the structure, of all proteins. The shape of a protein determines its function. When a protein is denatured by damaging substances, such as heat and acids, it loses its shape and its function. When a particular amino acid is limiting, protein synthesis cannot occur.

Related Questions

1. Polypeptide strands is the active form of a digestive enzyme in the stomach that breaks polypeptide chains into smaller polypeptides.

2. Cleavage of proteins by pepsin in the stomach results in formation of pepsinogen which get broken down further in the small intestine.

3. An amino acid chain made up of three amino acids joined together is called a tripeptide.

4. Dipeptide describes an amino acid chain made up of two amino acids joined together.

5. The 20 different amino acids are the building blocks used for protein synthesis.

6. Amino acid pools are stockpiles found in the blood and other cells of the body that can be used to build new proteins.

7. The continual process of degrading and synthesizing protein is called protein turnover.

8. The stomach produces pepsin, which denatures protein.

9. Denaturation occurs when a protein is exposed to heat, acid, bases, or mechanical agitation resulting in unfolding of the protein, though the peptide bonds remain intact.

10. The part of an amino acid that contains nitrogen is called the amine group.

11. The acid group is also known as the carboxyl group.

12. Single amino acids that are absorbed in the small intestine travel to the liver via the portal vein.

Please correct these sentences AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.. Some of them are not correct and I didn't figure out what are they!

violetdog828

Protein Structure

a.Different function of proteins and examples:

b. Protein building blocks:

1. atomic composition of building block:

2. "parts" or "functional groups" of the building block:

c. Importance of side chain (R group):

d. Hydrophobic amino acids characteristics:

e. Hydrophilic amino acids characteristics:

f. Charged amino acids characteristics

Copy and complete the table below regarding the characteristics and which groups in the polypeptide interact together at each structural level of the protein.

	characteristics	groups interacting
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quartenary structure

Value: 2

Choose the correct statement(s). You may choose more than one answer.

[mark all correct answers]
a. Proteins are the building blocks of amino acids.

b. Enzymes are a type of protein.

c. Quartenary structure consists of two or more polypeptide chains interacting.

d. Amino acids are made of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus.

e. The primary structure of a protein is formed due to the interaction of side groups.

Value: 3

Put the following statements regarding the structural levels of a protein formation in the correct order.

Below is a sequence of events. Place them in the order they should occur, number 1 being the first item. Select the step number from the drop down next to each item.

Items to order:

1. Individual amino acids are bonded together via peptide bonds.

2. Two or more polypeptide chains interact via bonds.

3. Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring amino acids within a polypeptide chain allowing the chain to coil or form pleated sheets.

4. Side groups (R) of the individual amino acids interact with each other allowing the protein to assume its three dimensional shape.

Value:4

Put the following statements regarding the structural levels of a protein formation in the correct order

Individual amino acids are bonded together via peptide bonds.	1 2 3 4
Two or more polypeptide chains interact via bonds.	1 2 3 4
Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring amino acids within a polypeptide chain allowing the chain to coil or form pleated sheets.	1 2 3 4
Side groups (R) of the individual amino acids interact with each other allowing the protein to assume its three dimensional shape.	1 2 3 4

Value: 5

Hydrophobic amino acids will be found _______________.

a. In the interior (inner core) of a protein, away from the watery environment.

b. in the interior of a plasma membrane.

c. Both A and B

d. Neither

Value: 6

A protein's function is defined by ____________.

a. enzymatic reactions

b. it's shape.

c. chain of nucleotides.

d. the presence of carbon and hydrogen.

Value: 7

Which of the following is NOT considered a protein function?

a. transport of substances across membrane

b. enzymatic reactions

c. provides structural support

d. carries genetic information

HPRO 3250 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Saturated Fat, Kwashiorkor, Antibody

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